Covering integers by $x^2 + dy^2$

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Green, Ben, Soundararajan, Kannan
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2024
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author Green, Ben
Soundararajan, Kannan
author_facet Green, Ben
Soundararajan, Kannan
contents What proportion of integers $n \leqslant N$ may be expressed as $x^2 + dy^2$ for some $d \leqslant Δ$, with $x,y $ integers? Writing $Δ$ as $(\log N)^{\log 2} 2^{α\sqrt{\log \log N}}$ for some $α\in (-\infty, \infty)$, we show that the answer is $Φ(α) + o(1)$, where $Φ$ is the Gaussian distribution function $Φ(α) = \frac{1}{2π} \int^α_{-\infty} e^{-x^2/2} dx$. A consequence of this is a phase transition: almost none of the integers $n \leqslant N$ can be represented by $x^2 + dy^2$ with $d \leqslant (\log N)^{\log 2 - \varepsilon}$, but almost all of them can be represented by $x^2 + dy^2$ with $d \leqslant (\log N)^{\log 2 + \varepsilon}$.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2401_04817
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Covering integers by $x^2 + dy^2$
Green, Ben
Soundararajan, Kannan
Number Theory
What proportion of integers $n \leqslant N$ may be expressed as $x^2 + dy^2$ for some $d \leqslant Δ$, with $x,y $ integers? Writing $Δ$ as $(\log N)^{\log 2} 2^{α\sqrt{\log \log N}}$ for some $α\in (-\infty, \infty)$, we show that the answer is $Φ(α) + o(1)$, where $Φ$ is the Gaussian distribution function $Φ(α) = \frac{1}{2π} \int^α_{-\infty} e^{-x^2/2} dx$. A consequence of this is a phase transition: almost none of the integers $n \leqslant N$ can be represented by $x^2 + dy^2$ with $d \leqslant (\log N)^{\log 2 - \varepsilon}$, but almost all of them can be represented by $x^2 + dy^2$ with $d \leqslant (\log N)^{\log 2 + \varepsilon}$.
title Covering integers by $x^2 + dy^2$
topic Number Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.04817