Cosmic evolution of radio-excess AGNs in quiescent and star-forming galaxies across $0 < z < 4$
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2024
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| _version_ | 1866910436974133248 |
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| author | Wang, Yijun Wang, Tao Liu, Daizhong Sargent, Mark T. Gao, Fangyou Alexander, David M. Rujopakarn, Wiphu Zhou, Luwenjia Daddi, Emanuele Xu, Ke Kohno, Kotaro Jin, Shuowen |
| author_facet | Wang, Yijun Wang, Tao Liu, Daizhong Sargent, Mark T. Gao, Fangyou Alexander, David M. Rujopakarn, Wiphu Zhou, Luwenjia Daddi, Emanuele Xu, Ke Kohno, Kotaro Jin, Shuowen |
| contents | Recent deep and wide radio surveys extend the studies for radio-excess active galactic nuclei (radio-AGNs) to lower luminosities and higher redshifts, providing new insights into the abundance and physical origin of radio-AGNs. Here we focus on the cosmic evolution, physical properties and AGN-host galaxy connections of radio-AGNs selected from a sample of ~ 500,000 galaxies at 0 < z < 4 in GOODS-N, GOODS-S, and COSMOS fields. Combining deep radio data with multi-band, de-blended far-infrared (FIR) and sub-millimeter data, we identify 1162 radio-AGNs through radio excess relative to the FIR-radio relation. We study the cosmic evolution of 1.4 GHz radio luminosity functions (RLFs) for star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and radio-AGNs, which are well described by a pure luminosity evolution of $L_*\propto (1+z)^{-0.31z+3.41}$ and a pure density evolution of $Φ_*\propto (1+z)^{-0.80z+2.88}$, respectively. We derive the turnover luminosity above which the number density of radio-AGNs surpasses that of SFGs. This crossover luminosity increases as increasing redshift, from $10^{22.9}$ W Hz$^{-1}$ at z ~ 0 to $10^{25.2}$ W Hz$^{-1}$ at z ~ 4. At full redshift range (0 < z < 4), we further derive the probability ($p_{radio}$) of SFGs and quiescent galaxies (QGs) hosting a radio-AGN as a function of stellar mass ($M_*$), radio luminosity ($L_R$), and redshift (z), which yields $p_{radio}\propto (1+z)^{3.54}M_*^{1.02}L_R^{-0.90}$ for SFGs, and $p_{radio}\propto (1+z)^{2.38}M_*^{1.39}L_R^{-0.60}$ for QGs, respectively. It indicates that radio-AGNs in QGs prefer to reside in more massive galaxies with larger $L_R$ than those in SFGs, and radio-AGN fraction increases towards higher redshift in both SFGs and QGs with a more rapid increase in SFGs. Further, we find that the radio-AGN fraction depends on accretion states of BHs and redshift in SFGs, while in QGs it also depends on BH (or galaxy) mass. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2401_04924 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Cosmic evolution of radio-excess AGNs in quiescent and star-forming galaxies across $0 < z < 4$ Wang, Yijun Wang, Tao Liu, Daizhong Sargent, Mark T. Gao, Fangyou Alexander, David M. Rujopakarn, Wiphu Zhou, Luwenjia Daddi, Emanuele Xu, Ke Kohno, Kotaro Jin, Shuowen Astrophysics of Galaxies Recent deep and wide radio surveys extend the studies for radio-excess active galactic nuclei (radio-AGNs) to lower luminosities and higher redshifts, providing new insights into the abundance and physical origin of radio-AGNs. Here we focus on the cosmic evolution, physical properties and AGN-host galaxy connections of radio-AGNs selected from a sample of ~ 500,000 galaxies at 0 < z < 4 in GOODS-N, GOODS-S, and COSMOS fields. Combining deep radio data with multi-band, de-blended far-infrared (FIR) and sub-millimeter data, we identify 1162 radio-AGNs through radio excess relative to the FIR-radio relation. We study the cosmic evolution of 1.4 GHz radio luminosity functions (RLFs) for star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and radio-AGNs, which are well described by a pure luminosity evolution of $L_*\propto (1+z)^{-0.31z+3.41}$ and a pure density evolution of $Φ_*\propto (1+z)^{-0.80z+2.88}$, respectively. We derive the turnover luminosity above which the number density of radio-AGNs surpasses that of SFGs. This crossover luminosity increases as increasing redshift, from $10^{22.9}$ W Hz$^{-1}$ at z ~ 0 to $10^{25.2}$ W Hz$^{-1}$ at z ~ 4. At full redshift range (0 < z < 4), we further derive the probability ($p_{radio}$) of SFGs and quiescent galaxies (QGs) hosting a radio-AGN as a function of stellar mass ($M_*$), radio luminosity ($L_R$), and redshift (z), which yields $p_{radio}\propto (1+z)^{3.54}M_*^{1.02}L_R^{-0.90}$ for SFGs, and $p_{radio}\propto (1+z)^{2.38}M_*^{1.39}L_R^{-0.60}$ for QGs, respectively. It indicates that radio-AGNs in QGs prefer to reside in more massive galaxies with larger $L_R$ than those in SFGs, and radio-AGN fraction increases towards higher redshift in both SFGs and QGs with a more rapid increase in SFGs. Further, we find that the radio-AGN fraction depends on accretion states of BHs and redshift in SFGs, while in QGs it also depends on BH (or galaxy) mass. |
| title | Cosmic evolution of radio-excess AGNs in quiescent and star-forming galaxies across $0 < z < 4$ |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.04924 |