Wake forces in a background of quadratically coupled mediators
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arXiv
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2024
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| _version_ | 1866916556445843456 |
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| author | Van Tilburg, Ken |
| author_facet | Van Tilburg, Ken |
| contents | Two particles can exert forces on each other when embedded in a sea of weakly-coupled particles. These "wake forces'' occur whenever the source and target particles have quadratic interactions with the mediating particles; they are proportional to the ambient energy density, and typically have a range of order the characteristic de Broglie wavelength of the background. The effect can be understood as source particles causing a disturbance in the background waves -- a wake -- which subsequently interacts with the target particles. Wake forces can be mediated by bosons or fermions, can have spin dependence, may be attractive or repulsive, and have a generally anisotropic spatial profile and range that depends on the phase-space distribution of the ambient particles. In this work, I investigate the application of wake forces to dark matter searches, recast existing limits on short-range forces into leading constraints on dark matter with quadratic couplings, and sketch out potential experimental modifications to optimize sensitivity. Wake forces occur in the Standard Model: the presence of the cosmic neutrino background induces a millimeter-range force about 22 orders of magnitude weaker than gravity. Wake forces may also be relevant in condensed-matter and atomic physics. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2401_08745 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Wake forces in a background of quadratically coupled mediators Van Tilburg, Ken High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Two particles can exert forces on each other when embedded in a sea of weakly-coupled particles. These "wake forces'' occur whenever the source and target particles have quadratic interactions with the mediating particles; they are proportional to the ambient energy density, and typically have a range of order the characteristic de Broglie wavelength of the background. The effect can be understood as source particles causing a disturbance in the background waves -- a wake -- which subsequently interacts with the target particles. Wake forces can be mediated by bosons or fermions, can have spin dependence, may be attractive or repulsive, and have a generally anisotropic spatial profile and range that depends on the phase-space distribution of the ambient particles. In this work, I investigate the application of wake forces to dark matter searches, recast existing limits on short-range forces into leading constraints on dark matter with quadratic couplings, and sketch out potential experimental modifications to optimize sensitivity. Wake forces occur in the Standard Model: the presence of the cosmic neutrino background induces a millimeter-range force about 22 orders of magnitude weaker than gravity. Wake forces may also be relevant in condensed-matter and atomic physics. |
| title | Wake forces in a background of quadratically coupled mediators |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.08745 |