Nightside clouds and disequilibrium chemistry on the hot Jupiter WASP-43b
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2024
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| author | Bell, Taylor J. Crouzet, Nicolas Cubillos, Patricio E. Kreidberg, Laura Piette, Anjali A. A. Roman, Michael T. Barstow, Joanna K. Blecic, Jasmina Carone, Ludmila Coulombe, Louis-Philippe Ducrot, Elsa Hammond, Mark Mendonça, João M. Moses, Julianne I. Parmentier, Vivien Stevenson, Kevin B. Teinturier, Lucas Zhang, Michael Batalha, Natalie M. Bean, Jacob L. Benneke, Björn Charnay, Benjamin Chubb, Katy L. Demory, Brice-Olivier Gao, Peter Lee, Elspeth K. H. López-Morales, Mercedes Morello, Giuseppe Rauscher, Emily Sing, David K. Tan, Xianyu Venot, Olivia Wakeford, Hannah R. Aggarwal, Keshav Ahrer, Eva-Maria Alam, Munazza K. Baeyens, Robin Barrado, David Caceres, Claudio Carter, Aarynn L. Casewell, Sarah L. Challener, Ryan C. Crossfield, Ian J. M. Decin, Leen Désert, Jean-Michel Dobbs-Dixon, Ian Dyrek, Achrène Espinoza, Néstor Feinstein, Adina D. Gibson, Neale P. Harrington, Joseph Helling, Christiane Hu, Renyu Iro, Nicolas Kempton, Eliza M. -R. Kendrew, Sarah Komacek, Thaddeus D. Krick, Jessica Lagage, Pierre-Olivier Leconte, Jérémy Lendl, Monika Lewis, Neil T. Lothringer, Joshua D. Malsky, Isaac Mancini, Luigi Mansfield, Megan Mayne, Nathan J. Mikal-Evans, Thomas Molaverdikhani, Karan Nikolov, Nikolay K. Nixon, Matthew C. Palle, Enric de la Roche, Dominique J. M. Petit dit Piaulet, Caroline Powell, Diana Rackham, Benjamin V. Schneider, Aaron D. Steinrueck, Maria E. Taylor, Jake Welbanks, Luis Yurchenko, Sergei N. Zhang, Xi Zieba, Sebastian |
| author_facet | Bell, Taylor J. Crouzet, Nicolas Cubillos, Patricio E. Kreidberg, Laura Piette, Anjali A. A. Roman, Michael T. Barstow, Joanna K. Blecic, Jasmina Carone, Ludmila Coulombe, Louis-Philippe Ducrot, Elsa Hammond, Mark Mendonça, João M. Moses, Julianne I. Parmentier, Vivien Stevenson, Kevin B. Teinturier, Lucas Zhang, Michael Batalha, Natalie M. Bean, Jacob L. Benneke, Björn Charnay, Benjamin Chubb, Katy L. Demory, Brice-Olivier Gao, Peter Lee, Elspeth K. H. López-Morales, Mercedes Morello, Giuseppe Rauscher, Emily Sing, David K. Tan, Xianyu Venot, Olivia Wakeford, Hannah R. Aggarwal, Keshav Ahrer, Eva-Maria Alam, Munazza K. Baeyens, Robin Barrado, David Caceres, Claudio Carter, Aarynn L. Casewell, Sarah L. Challener, Ryan C. Crossfield, Ian J. M. Decin, Leen Désert, Jean-Michel Dobbs-Dixon, Ian Dyrek, Achrène Espinoza, Néstor Feinstein, Adina D. Gibson, Neale P. Harrington, Joseph Helling, Christiane Hu, Renyu Iro, Nicolas Kempton, Eliza M. -R. Kendrew, Sarah Komacek, Thaddeus D. Krick, Jessica Lagage, Pierre-Olivier Leconte, Jérémy Lendl, Monika Lewis, Neil T. Lothringer, Joshua D. Malsky, Isaac Mancini, Luigi Mansfield, Megan Mayne, Nathan J. Mikal-Evans, Thomas Molaverdikhani, Karan Nikolov, Nikolay K. Nixon, Matthew C. Palle, Enric de la Roche, Dominique J. M. Petit dit Piaulet, Caroline Powell, Diana Rackham, Benjamin V. Schneider, Aaron D. Steinrueck, Maria E. Taylor, Jake Welbanks, Luis Yurchenko, Sergei N. Zhang, Xi Zieba, Sebastian |
| contents | Hot Jupiters are among the best-studied exoplanets, but it is still poorly understood how their chemical composition and cloud properties vary with longitude. Theoretical models predict that clouds may condense on the nightside and that molecular abundances can be driven out of equilibrium by zonal winds. Here we report a phase-resolved emission spectrum of the hot Jupiter WASP-43b measured from 5-12 $μ$m with JWST's Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI). The spectra reveal a large day-night temperature contrast (with average brightness temperatures of 1524$\pm$35 and 863$\pm$23 Kelvin, respectively) and evidence for water absorption at all orbital phases. Comparisons with three-dimensional atmospheric models show that both the phase curve shape and emission spectra strongly suggest the presence of nightside clouds which become optically thick to thermal emission at pressures greater than ~100 mbar. The dayside is consistent with a cloudless atmosphere above the mid-infrared photosphere. Contrary to expectations from equilibrium chemistry but consistent with disequilibrium kinetics models, methane is not detected on the nightside (2$σ$ upper limit of 1-6 parts per million, depending on model assumptions). |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2401_13027 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Nightside clouds and disequilibrium chemistry on the hot Jupiter WASP-43b Bell, Taylor J. Crouzet, Nicolas Cubillos, Patricio E. Kreidberg, Laura Piette, Anjali A. A. Roman, Michael T. Barstow, Joanna K. Blecic, Jasmina Carone, Ludmila Coulombe, Louis-Philippe Ducrot, Elsa Hammond, Mark Mendonça, João M. Moses, Julianne I. Parmentier, Vivien Stevenson, Kevin B. Teinturier, Lucas Zhang, Michael Batalha, Natalie M. Bean, Jacob L. Benneke, Björn Charnay, Benjamin Chubb, Katy L. Demory, Brice-Olivier Gao, Peter Lee, Elspeth K. H. López-Morales, Mercedes Morello, Giuseppe Rauscher, Emily Sing, David K. Tan, Xianyu Venot, Olivia Wakeford, Hannah R. Aggarwal, Keshav Ahrer, Eva-Maria Alam, Munazza K. Baeyens, Robin Barrado, David Caceres, Claudio Carter, Aarynn L. Casewell, Sarah L. Challener, Ryan C. Crossfield, Ian J. M. Decin, Leen Désert, Jean-Michel Dobbs-Dixon, Ian Dyrek, Achrène Espinoza, Néstor Feinstein, Adina D. Gibson, Neale P. Harrington, Joseph Helling, Christiane Hu, Renyu Iro, Nicolas Kempton, Eliza M. -R. Kendrew, Sarah Komacek, Thaddeus D. Krick, Jessica Lagage, Pierre-Olivier Leconte, Jérémy Lendl, Monika Lewis, Neil T. Lothringer, Joshua D. Malsky, Isaac Mancini, Luigi Mansfield, Megan Mayne, Nathan J. Mikal-Evans, Thomas Molaverdikhani, Karan Nikolov, Nikolay K. Nixon, Matthew C. Palle, Enric de la Roche, Dominique J. M. Petit dit Piaulet, Caroline Powell, Diana Rackham, Benjamin V. Schneider, Aaron D. Steinrueck, Maria E. Taylor, Jake Welbanks, Luis Yurchenko, Sergei N. Zhang, Xi Zieba, Sebastian Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Hot Jupiters are among the best-studied exoplanets, but it is still poorly understood how their chemical composition and cloud properties vary with longitude. Theoretical models predict that clouds may condense on the nightside and that molecular abundances can be driven out of equilibrium by zonal winds. Here we report a phase-resolved emission spectrum of the hot Jupiter WASP-43b measured from 5-12 $μ$m with JWST's Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI). The spectra reveal a large day-night temperature contrast (with average brightness temperatures of 1524$\pm$35 and 863$\pm$23 Kelvin, respectively) and evidence for water absorption at all orbital phases. Comparisons with three-dimensional atmospheric models show that both the phase curve shape and emission spectra strongly suggest the presence of nightside clouds which become optically thick to thermal emission at pressures greater than ~100 mbar. The dayside is consistent with a cloudless atmosphere above the mid-infrared photosphere. Contrary to expectations from equilibrium chemistry but consistent with disequilibrium kinetics models, methane is not detected on the nightside (2$σ$ upper limit of 1-6 parts per million, depending on model assumptions). |
| title | Nightside clouds and disequilibrium chemistry on the hot Jupiter WASP-43b |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.13027 |