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Main Authors: Ding, Zhen-Wei, Zhang, Ji-Qiang, Zheng, Guo-Zhong, Cai, Wei-Ran, Cai, Chao-Ran, Chen, Li, Wang, Xu-Ming
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.13497
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author Ding, Zhen-Wei
Zhang, Ji-Qiang
Zheng, Guo-Zhong
Cai, Wei-Ran
Cai, Chao-Ran
Chen, Li
Wang, Xu-Ming
author_facet Ding, Zhen-Wei
Zhang, Ji-Qiang
Zheng, Guo-Zhong
Cai, Wei-Ran
Cai, Chao-Ran
Chen, Li
Wang, Xu-Ming
contents Patterns by self-organization in nature have garnered significant interest in a range of disciplines due to their intriguing structures. In the context of the snowdrift game (SDG), which is considered as an anti-coordination game, but the anti-coordination patterns are counterintuitively rare. In the work, we introduce a model called the Two-Agents, Two-Action Reinforcement Learning Evolutionary Game ($2\times 2$ RLEG), and apply it to the SDG on regular lattices. We uncover intriguing phenomena in the form of Anti-Coordinated domains (AC-domains), where different frustration regions are observed and continuous phase transitions at the boundaries are identified. To understand the underlying mechanism, we develop a perturbation theory to analyze the stability of different AC-domains. Our theory accurately partitions the parameter space into non-anti-coordinated, anti-coordinated, and mixed areas, and captures their dependence on the learning parameters. Lastly, abnormal scenarios with a large learning rate and a large discount factor that deviate from the theory are investigated by examining the growth and nucleation of AC-domains. Our work provides insights into the emergence of spatial patterns in nature, and contributes to the development of theory for analysing their structural complexities.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2401_13497
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Emergence of anti-coordinated patterns in snowdrift game by reinforcement learning
Ding, Zhen-Wei
Zhang, Ji-Qiang
Zheng, Guo-Zhong
Cai, Wei-Ran
Cai, Chao-Ran
Chen, Li
Wang, Xu-Ming
Physics and Society
Patterns by self-organization in nature have garnered significant interest in a range of disciplines due to their intriguing structures. In the context of the snowdrift game (SDG), which is considered as an anti-coordination game, but the anti-coordination patterns are counterintuitively rare. In the work, we introduce a model called the Two-Agents, Two-Action Reinforcement Learning Evolutionary Game ($2\times 2$ RLEG), and apply it to the SDG on regular lattices. We uncover intriguing phenomena in the form of Anti-Coordinated domains (AC-domains), where different frustration regions are observed and continuous phase transitions at the boundaries are identified. To understand the underlying mechanism, we develop a perturbation theory to analyze the stability of different AC-domains. Our theory accurately partitions the parameter space into non-anti-coordinated, anti-coordinated, and mixed areas, and captures their dependence on the learning parameters. Lastly, abnormal scenarios with a large learning rate and a large discount factor that deviate from the theory are investigated by examining the growth and nucleation of AC-domains. Our work provides insights into the emergence of spatial patterns in nature, and contributes to the development of theory for analysing their structural complexities.
title Emergence of anti-coordinated patterns in snowdrift game by reinforcement learning
topic Physics and Society
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.13497