Is GN-z11 powered by a super-Eddington massive black hole?
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
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2024
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| _version_ | 1866929372410150912 |
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| author | Bhatt, Maulik Gallerani, Simona Ferrara, Andrea Mazzucchelli, Chiara D'Odorico, Valentina Valentini, Milena Zana, Tommaso Farina, Emanuele Paolo Chakraborty, Srija |
| author_facet | Bhatt, Maulik Gallerani, Simona Ferrara, Andrea Mazzucchelli, Chiara D'Odorico, Valentina Valentini, Milena Zana, Tommaso Farina, Emanuele Paolo Chakraborty, Srija |
| contents | Observations of $z \sim 6$ quasars powered by supermassive black holes (SMBHs; $M_{\rm BH} \sim 10^{8-10}\, M_\odot$) challenge our current understanding of early black hole (BH) formation and evolution. The advent of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has enabled the study of massive BHs (MBHs; $M_{\rm BH}\sim 10^{6-7} \ \mathrm{M}_\odot$) up to $z\sim 11$, thus bridging the properties of $z\sim 6$ quasars to their ancestors. The JWST spectroscopic observations of GN-z11, a well-known $z=10.6$ star-forming galaxy, have been interpreted with the presence of a super-Eddington (Eddington ratio $\equiv \,λ_{\rm Edd}\sim 5.5$) accreting MBH. To test this hypothesis, we used a zoom-in cosmological simulation of galaxy formation and BH co-evolution. We first tested the simulation results against the observed probability distribution function (PDF) of $λ_{\rm Edd}$ found in $z\sim 6$ quasars. Then, in the simulation we selected the BHs that satisfy the following criteria: (a) $10 < z < 11 $, (b) $M_{\rm BH} > 10^6 \ \mathrm{M}_\odot$. Next, we apply the extreme value statistics to the PDF of $λ_{\rm Edd}$ resulting from the simulation and we find that the probability of observing a $z\sim 10-11$ MBH accreting with $λ_{\rm Edd} \sim 5.5$ in the volume surveyed by JWST is very low ($<0.2\%$). We compared our predictions with those in the literature, and discuss the main limitations of our work. Our simulation cannot explain the JWST observations of GN-z11. This might be due to (i) poor resolution and statistics in simulations, (ii) simplistic sub-grid models (e.g. BH accretion and seeding), (iii) uncertainties in the data analysis and interpretation. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2401_13733 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Is GN-z11 powered by a super-Eddington massive black hole? Bhatt, Maulik Gallerani, Simona Ferrara, Andrea Mazzucchelli, Chiara D'Odorico, Valentina Valentini, Milena Zana, Tommaso Farina, Emanuele Paolo Chakraborty, Srija Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Observations of $z \sim 6$ quasars powered by supermassive black holes (SMBHs; $M_{\rm BH} \sim 10^{8-10}\, M_\odot$) challenge our current understanding of early black hole (BH) formation and evolution. The advent of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has enabled the study of massive BHs (MBHs; $M_{\rm BH}\sim 10^{6-7} \ \mathrm{M}_\odot$) up to $z\sim 11$, thus bridging the properties of $z\sim 6$ quasars to their ancestors. The JWST spectroscopic observations of GN-z11, a well-known $z=10.6$ star-forming galaxy, have been interpreted with the presence of a super-Eddington (Eddington ratio $\equiv \,λ_{\rm Edd}\sim 5.5$) accreting MBH. To test this hypothesis, we used a zoom-in cosmological simulation of galaxy formation and BH co-evolution. We first tested the simulation results against the observed probability distribution function (PDF) of $λ_{\rm Edd}$ found in $z\sim 6$ quasars. Then, in the simulation we selected the BHs that satisfy the following criteria: (a) $10 < z < 11 $, (b) $M_{\rm BH} > 10^6 \ \mathrm{M}_\odot$. Next, we apply the extreme value statistics to the PDF of $λ_{\rm Edd}$ resulting from the simulation and we find that the probability of observing a $z\sim 10-11$ MBH accreting with $λ_{\rm Edd} \sim 5.5$ in the volume surveyed by JWST is very low ($<0.2\%$). We compared our predictions with those in the literature, and discuss the main limitations of our work. Our simulation cannot explain the JWST observations of GN-z11. This might be due to (i) poor resolution and statistics in simulations, (ii) simplistic sub-grid models (e.g. BH accretion and seeding), (iii) uncertainties in the data analysis and interpretation. |
| title | Is GN-z11 powered by a super-Eddington massive black hole? |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.13733 |