SoK: Where's the "up"?! A Comprehensive (bottom-up) Study on the Security of Arm Cortex-M Systems

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Tan, Xi, Ma, Zheyuan, Pinto, Sandro, Guan, Le, Zhang, Ning, Xu, Jun, Lin, Zhiqiang, Hu, Hongxin, Zhao, Ziming
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Tan, Xi
Ma, Zheyuan
Pinto, Sandro
Guan, Le
Zhang, Ning
Xu, Jun
Lin, Zhiqiang
Hu, Hongxin
Zhao, Ziming
author_facet Tan, Xi
Ma, Zheyuan
Pinto, Sandro
Guan, Le
Zhang, Ning
Xu, Jun
Lin, Zhiqiang
Hu, Hongxin
Zhao, Ziming
contents Arm Cortex-M processors are the most widely used 32-bit microcontrollers among embedded and Internet-of-Things devices. Despite the widespread usage, there has been little effort in summarizing their hardware security features, characterizing the limitations and vulnerabilities of their hardware and software stack, and systematizing the research on securing these systems. The goals and contributions of this paper are multi-fold. First, we analyze the hardware security limitations and issues of Cortex-M systems. Second, we conducted a deep study of the software stack designed for Cortex-M and revealed its limitations, which is accompanied by an empirical analysis of 1,797 real-world firmware. Third, we categorize the reported bugs in Cortex-M software systems. Finally, we systematize the efforts that aim at securing Cortex-M systems and evaluate them in terms of the protections they offer, runtime performance, required hardware features, etc. Based on the insights, we develop a set of recommendations for the research community and MCU software developers.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2401_15289
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle SoK: Where's the "up"?! A Comprehensive (bottom-up) Study on the Security of Arm Cortex-M Systems
Tan, Xi
Ma, Zheyuan
Pinto, Sandro
Guan, Le
Zhang, Ning
Xu, Jun
Lin, Zhiqiang
Hu, Hongxin
Zhao, Ziming
Cryptography and Security
Hardware Architecture
C.0; K.6.5
Arm Cortex-M processors are the most widely used 32-bit microcontrollers among embedded and Internet-of-Things devices. Despite the widespread usage, there has been little effort in summarizing their hardware security features, characterizing the limitations and vulnerabilities of their hardware and software stack, and systematizing the research on securing these systems. The goals and contributions of this paper are multi-fold. First, we analyze the hardware security limitations and issues of Cortex-M systems. Second, we conducted a deep study of the software stack designed for Cortex-M and revealed its limitations, which is accompanied by an empirical analysis of 1,797 real-world firmware. Third, we categorize the reported bugs in Cortex-M software systems. Finally, we systematize the efforts that aim at securing Cortex-M systems and evaluate them in terms of the protections they offer, runtime performance, required hardware features, etc. Based on the insights, we develop a set of recommendations for the research community and MCU software developers.
title SoK: Where's the "up"?! A Comprehensive (bottom-up) Study on the Security of Arm Cortex-M Systems
topic Cryptography and Security
Hardware Architecture
C.0; K.6.5
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.15289