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| Format: | Preprint |
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2024
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| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.15709 |
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| author | Psaridi, Angelica Osborn, Hugh Bouchy, François Lendl, Monika Parc, Léna Billot, Nicolas Broeg, Christopher Sousa, Sérgio G. Adibekyan, Vardan Attia, Omar Bonfanti, Andrea Chakraborty, Hritam Collins, Karen A. Davoult, Jeanne Delgado-Mena, Elisa Grieves, Nolan Guillot, Tristan Heitzmann, Alexis Helled, Ravit Hellier, Coel Jenkins, Jon M. Knierim, Henrik Krenn, Andreas Lissauer, JackJ. Luque, Rafael Rapetti, David Santos, Nuno C. Suárez, Olga Venturini, Julia Wilkin, Francis P. Wilson, Thomas G. Winn, Joshua N. Ziegler, Carl Zingales, Tiziano Alibert, Yann Brandeker, Alexis Egger, Jo Ann Gandolfi, Davide Hooton, Matthew J. Tuson, Amy Ulmer-Moll, Solène Abe, Lyu Allart, Romain Alonso, Roi Anderson, David R. Anglada, Guillem Bárczy, Tamas Barrado, David Barros, Susana C. C. Baumjohann, Wolfgang Beck, Mathias Beck, Thomas Benz, Willy Bonfils, Xavier Borsato, Luca Bourrier, Vincent Ciardi, David R. Cameron, Andrew Collier Charnoz, Sébastien Cointepas, Marion Csizmadia, Szilárd Cubillos, Patricio Curto, Gaspare Lo Davies, Melvyn B. Daylan, Tansu Deleuil, Magali Deline, Adrien Delrez, Laetitia Demangeon, Olivier D. S. Demory, Brice-Olivier Dorn, Caroline Dumusque, Xavier Ehrenreich, David Erikson, Anders Etangs, Alain Lecavelier des Ferreras, Elena Diana de Miguel Fortier, Andrea Fossati, Luca Frensch, Yolanda G. C. Fridlund, Malcolm Gillon, Michaël Güdel, Manuel Günther, Maximilian N. Hagelberg, Janis Helling, Christiane Hoyer, Sergio Isaak, Kate G. Kiss, Laszlo L. Lam, Kristine Laskar, Jacques Lavie, Baptiste Lovis, Christophe Magrin, Demetrio Marafatto, Luca Maxted, Pierre McDermott, Scott Mékarnia, Djamel Mordasini, Christoph Murgas, Felipe Nascimbeni, Valerio Nielsen, Louise D. Olofsson, Göran Ottensamer, Roland Pagano, Isabella Pallé, Enric Peter, Gisbert Piotto, Giampaolo Pollacco, Don Queloz, Didier Ragazzoni, Roberto Ramos, Devin Rando, Nicola Rauer, Heike Reimers, Christian Ribas, Ignasi Seager, Sara Ségransan, Damien Scandariato, Gaetano Simon, Attila Smith, Alexis M. S. Stalport, Manu Steller, Manfred Szabó, Gyula Thomas, Nicolas Pritchard, Tyler A. Udry, Stéphane Van Damme, Carlos Corral Van Grootel, Valérie Villaver, Eva Walter, Ingo Walton, Nicholas Watkins, Cristilyn N. West, Richard G. |
| author_facet | Psaridi, Angelica Osborn, Hugh Bouchy, François Lendl, Monika Parc, Léna Billot, Nicolas Broeg, Christopher Sousa, Sérgio G. Adibekyan, Vardan Attia, Omar Bonfanti, Andrea Chakraborty, Hritam Collins, Karen A. Davoult, Jeanne Delgado-Mena, Elisa Grieves, Nolan Guillot, Tristan Heitzmann, Alexis Helled, Ravit Hellier, Coel Jenkins, Jon M. Knierim, Henrik Krenn, Andreas Lissauer, JackJ. Luque, Rafael Rapetti, David Santos, Nuno C. Suárez, Olga Venturini, Julia Wilkin, Francis P. Wilson, Thomas G. Winn, Joshua N. Ziegler, Carl Zingales, Tiziano Alibert, Yann Brandeker, Alexis Egger, Jo Ann Gandolfi, Davide Hooton, Matthew J. Tuson, Amy Ulmer-Moll, Solène Abe, Lyu Allart, Romain Alonso, Roi Anderson, David R. Anglada, Guillem Bárczy, Tamas Barrado, David Barros, Susana C. C. Baumjohann, Wolfgang Beck, Mathias Beck, Thomas Benz, Willy Bonfils, Xavier Borsato, Luca Bourrier, Vincent Ciardi, David R. Cameron, Andrew Collier Charnoz, Sébastien Cointepas, Marion Csizmadia, Szilárd Cubillos, Patricio Curto, Gaspare Lo Davies, Melvyn B. Daylan, Tansu Deleuil, Magali Deline, Adrien Delrez, Laetitia Demangeon, Olivier D. S. Demory, Brice-Olivier Dorn, Caroline Dumusque, Xavier Ehrenreich, David Erikson, Anders Etangs, Alain Lecavelier des Ferreras, Elena Diana de Miguel Fortier, Andrea Fossati, Luca Frensch, Yolanda G. C. Fridlund, Malcolm Gillon, Michaël Güdel, Manuel Günther, Maximilian N. Hagelberg, Janis Helling, Christiane Hoyer, Sergio Isaak, Kate G. Kiss, Laszlo L. Lam, Kristine Laskar, Jacques Lavie, Baptiste Lovis, Christophe Magrin, Demetrio Marafatto, Luca Maxted, Pierre McDermott, Scott Mékarnia, Djamel Mordasini, Christoph Murgas, Felipe Nascimbeni, Valerio Nielsen, Louise D. Olofsson, Göran Ottensamer, Roland Pagano, Isabella Pallé, Enric Peter, Gisbert Piotto, Giampaolo Pollacco, Don Queloz, Didier Ragazzoni, Roberto Ramos, Devin Rando, Nicola Rauer, Heike Reimers, Christian Ribas, Ignasi Seager, Sara Ségransan, Damien Scandariato, Gaetano Simon, Attila Smith, Alexis M. S. Stalport, Manu Steller, Manfred Szabó, Gyula Thomas, Nicolas Pritchard, Tyler A. Udry, Stéphane Van Damme, Carlos Corral Van Grootel, Valérie Villaver, Eva Walter, Ingo Walton, Nicholas Watkins, Cristilyn N. West, Richard G. |
| contents | We present the discovery and characterization of two warm mini-Neptunes transiting the K3V star TOI-815 in a K-M binary system. Analysis of the spectra and rotation period reveal it to be a young star with an age of $200^{+400}_{-200}$Myr. TOI-815b has a 11.2-day period and a radius of 2.94$\pm$0.05$\it{R_{\rm\mathrm{\oplus}}}$ with transits observed by TESS, CHEOPS, ASTEP, and LCOGT. The outer planet, TOI-815c, has a radius of 2.62$\pm$0.10$\it{R_{\rm\mathrm{\oplus}}}$, based on observations of three non-consecutive transits with TESS, while targeted CHEOPS photometry and radial velocity follow-up with ESPRESSO were required to confirm the 35-day period. ESPRESSO confirmed the planetary nature of both planets and measured masses of 7.6$\pm$1.5 $\it{M_{\rm \mathrm{\oplus}}}$ ($ρ_\mathrm{P}$=1.64$^{+0.33}_{-0.31}$gcm$^{-3}$) and 23.5$\pm$2.4$\it{M_{\rm\mathrm{\oplus}}}$ ($ρ_\mathrm{P}$=7.2$^{+1.1}_{-1.0}$gcm$^{-3}$) respectively. Thus, the planets have very different masses, unlike the usual similarity of masses in compact multi-planet systems. Moreover, our statistical analysis of mini-Neptunes orbiting FGK stars suggests that weakly irradiated planets tend to have higher bulk densities compared to those suffering strong irradiation. This could be ascribed to their cooler atmospheres, which are more compressed and denser. Internal structure modeling of TOI-815b suggests it likely has a H-He atmosphere constituting a few percent of the total planet mass, or higher if the planet is assumed to have no water. In contrast, the measured mass and radius of TOI-815c can be explained without invoking any atmosphere, challenging planetary formation theories. Finally, we infer from our measurements that the star is viewed close to pole-on, which implies a spin-orbit misalignment at the 3$σ$ level. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2401_15709 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Discovery of two warm mini-Neptunes with contrasting densities orbiting the young K3V star TOI-815 Psaridi, Angelica Osborn, Hugh Bouchy, François Lendl, Monika Parc, Léna Billot, Nicolas Broeg, Christopher Sousa, Sérgio G. Adibekyan, Vardan Attia, Omar Bonfanti, Andrea Chakraborty, Hritam Collins, Karen A. Davoult, Jeanne Delgado-Mena, Elisa Grieves, Nolan Guillot, Tristan Heitzmann, Alexis Helled, Ravit Hellier, Coel Jenkins, Jon M. Knierim, Henrik Krenn, Andreas Lissauer, JackJ. Luque, Rafael Rapetti, David Santos, Nuno C. Suárez, Olga Venturini, Julia Wilkin, Francis P. Wilson, Thomas G. Winn, Joshua N. Ziegler, Carl Zingales, Tiziano Alibert, Yann Brandeker, Alexis Egger, Jo Ann Gandolfi, Davide Hooton, Matthew J. Tuson, Amy Ulmer-Moll, Solène Abe, Lyu Allart, Romain Alonso, Roi Anderson, David R. Anglada, Guillem Bárczy, Tamas Barrado, David Barros, Susana C. C. Baumjohann, Wolfgang Beck, Mathias Beck, Thomas Benz, Willy Bonfils, Xavier Borsato, Luca Bourrier, Vincent Ciardi, David R. Cameron, Andrew Collier Charnoz, Sébastien Cointepas, Marion Csizmadia, Szilárd Cubillos, Patricio Curto, Gaspare Lo Davies, Melvyn B. Daylan, Tansu Deleuil, Magali Deline, Adrien Delrez, Laetitia Demangeon, Olivier D. S. Demory, Brice-Olivier Dorn, Caroline Dumusque, Xavier Ehrenreich, David Erikson, Anders Etangs, Alain Lecavelier des Ferreras, Elena Diana de Miguel Fortier, Andrea Fossati, Luca Frensch, Yolanda G. C. Fridlund, Malcolm Gillon, Michaël Güdel, Manuel Günther, Maximilian N. Hagelberg, Janis Helling, Christiane Hoyer, Sergio Isaak, Kate G. Kiss, Laszlo L. Lam, Kristine Laskar, Jacques Lavie, Baptiste Lovis, Christophe Magrin, Demetrio Marafatto, Luca Maxted, Pierre McDermott, Scott Mékarnia, Djamel Mordasini, Christoph Murgas, Felipe Nascimbeni, Valerio Nielsen, Louise D. Olofsson, Göran Ottensamer, Roland Pagano, Isabella Pallé, Enric Peter, Gisbert Piotto, Giampaolo Pollacco, Don Queloz, Didier Ragazzoni, Roberto Ramos, Devin Rando, Nicola Rauer, Heike Reimers, Christian Ribas, Ignasi Seager, Sara Ségransan, Damien Scandariato, Gaetano Simon, Attila Smith, Alexis M. S. Stalport, Manu Steller, Manfred Szabó, Gyula Thomas, Nicolas Pritchard, Tyler A. Udry, Stéphane Van Damme, Carlos Corral Van Grootel, Valérie Villaver, Eva Walter, Ingo Walton, Nicholas Watkins, Cristilyn N. West, Richard G. Earth and Planetary Astrophysics We present the discovery and characterization of two warm mini-Neptunes transiting the K3V star TOI-815 in a K-M binary system. Analysis of the spectra and rotation period reveal it to be a young star with an age of $200^{+400}_{-200}$Myr. TOI-815b has a 11.2-day period and a radius of 2.94$\pm$0.05$\it{R_{\rm\mathrm{\oplus}}}$ with transits observed by TESS, CHEOPS, ASTEP, and LCOGT. The outer planet, TOI-815c, has a radius of 2.62$\pm$0.10$\it{R_{\rm\mathrm{\oplus}}}$, based on observations of three non-consecutive transits with TESS, while targeted CHEOPS photometry and radial velocity follow-up with ESPRESSO were required to confirm the 35-day period. ESPRESSO confirmed the planetary nature of both planets and measured masses of 7.6$\pm$1.5 $\it{M_{\rm \mathrm{\oplus}}}$ ($ρ_\mathrm{P}$=1.64$^{+0.33}_{-0.31}$gcm$^{-3}$) and 23.5$\pm$2.4$\it{M_{\rm\mathrm{\oplus}}}$ ($ρ_\mathrm{P}$=7.2$^{+1.1}_{-1.0}$gcm$^{-3}$) respectively. Thus, the planets have very different masses, unlike the usual similarity of masses in compact multi-planet systems. Moreover, our statistical analysis of mini-Neptunes orbiting FGK stars suggests that weakly irradiated planets tend to have higher bulk densities compared to those suffering strong irradiation. This could be ascribed to their cooler atmospheres, which are more compressed and denser. Internal structure modeling of TOI-815b suggests it likely has a H-He atmosphere constituting a few percent of the total planet mass, or higher if the planet is assumed to have no water. In contrast, the measured mass and radius of TOI-815c can be explained without invoking any atmosphere, challenging planetary formation theories. Finally, we infer from our measurements that the star is viewed close to pole-on, which implies a spin-orbit misalignment at the 3$σ$ level. |
| title | Discovery of two warm mini-Neptunes with contrasting densities orbiting the young K3V star TOI-815 |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.15709 |