StableMask: Refining Causal Masking in Decoder-only Transformer

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Yin, Qingyu, He, Xuzheng, Zhuang, Xiang, Zhao, Yu, Yao, Jianhua, Shen, Xiaoyu, Zhang, Qiang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Yin, Qingyu
He, Xuzheng
Zhuang, Xiang
Zhao, Yu
Yao, Jianhua
Shen, Xiaoyu
Zhang, Qiang
author_facet Yin, Qingyu
He, Xuzheng
Zhuang, Xiang
Zhao, Yu
Yao, Jianhua
Shen, Xiaoyu
Zhang, Qiang
contents The decoder-only Transformer architecture with causal masking and relative position encoding (RPE) has become the de facto choice in language modeling. Despite its exceptional performance across various tasks, we have identified two limitations: First, it requires all attention scores to be non-zero and sum up to 1, even if the current embedding has sufficient self-contained information. This compels the model to assign disproportional excessive attention to specific tokens. Second, RPE-based Transformers are not universal approximators due to their limited capacity at encoding absolute positional information, which limits their application in position-critical tasks. In this work, we propose StableMask: a parameter-free method to address both limitations by refining the causal mask. It introduces pseudo-attention values to balance attention distributions and encodes absolute positional information via a progressively decreasing mask ratio. StableMask's effectiveness is validated both theoretically and empirically, showing significant enhancements in language models with parameter sizes ranging from 71M to 1.4B across diverse datasets and encoding methods. We further show that it naturally supports (1) efficient extrapolation without special tricks such as StreamingLLM and (2) easy integration with existing attention optimization techniques.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2402_04779
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle StableMask: Refining Causal Masking in Decoder-only Transformer
Yin, Qingyu
He, Xuzheng
Zhuang, Xiang
Zhao, Yu
Yao, Jianhua
Shen, Xiaoyu
Zhang, Qiang
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
The decoder-only Transformer architecture with causal masking and relative position encoding (RPE) has become the de facto choice in language modeling. Despite its exceptional performance across various tasks, we have identified two limitations: First, it requires all attention scores to be non-zero and sum up to 1, even if the current embedding has sufficient self-contained information. This compels the model to assign disproportional excessive attention to specific tokens. Second, RPE-based Transformers are not universal approximators due to their limited capacity at encoding absolute positional information, which limits their application in position-critical tasks. In this work, we propose StableMask: a parameter-free method to address both limitations by refining the causal mask. It introduces pseudo-attention values to balance attention distributions and encodes absolute positional information via a progressively decreasing mask ratio. StableMask's effectiveness is validated both theoretically and empirically, showing significant enhancements in language models with parameter sizes ranging from 71M to 1.4B across diverse datasets and encoding methods. We further show that it naturally supports (1) efficient extrapolation without special tricks such as StreamingLLM and (2) easy integration with existing attention optimization techniques.
title StableMask: Refining Causal Masking in Decoder-only Transformer
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.04779