Beatty Sequences for a Quadratic Irrational: Decidability and Applications

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Hauptverfasser: Schaeffer, Luke, Shallit, Jeffrey, Zorcic, Stefan
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2024
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author Schaeffer, Luke
Shallit, Jeffrey
Zorcic, Stefan
author_facet Schaeffer, Luke
Shallit, Jeffrey
Zorcic, Stefan
contents Let $α$ and $β$ belong to the same quadratic field. We show that the inhomogeneous Beatty sequence $(\lfloor n α+ β\rfloor)_{n \geq 1}$ is synchronized, in the sense that there is a finite automaton that takes as input the Ostrowski representations of $n$ and $y$ in parallel, and accepts if and only if $y = \lfloor n α+ β\rfloor$. Since it is already known that the addition relation is computable for Ostrowski representations based on a quadratic number, a consequence is a new and rather simple proof that the first-order logical theory of these sequences with addition is decidable. The decision procedure is easily implemented in the free software Walnut. As an application, we show that for each $r \geq 1$ it is decidable whether the set $\{ \lfloor n α+ β\rfloor \, : \, n \geq 1 \}$ forms an additive basis (or asymptotic additive basis) of order $r$. Using our techniques, we also solve some open problems of Reble and Kimberling, and give an explicit characterization of a sequence of Hildebrand et al.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2402_08331
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Beatty Sequences for a Quadratic Irrational: Decidability and Applications
Schaeffer, Luke
Shallit, Jeffrey
Zorcic, Stefan
Number Theory
Discrete Mathematics
Formal Languages and Automata Theory
Combinatorics
Logic
Let $α$ and $β$ belong to the same quadratic field. We show that the inhomogeneous Beatty sequence $(\lfloor n α+ β\rfloor)_{n \geq 1}$ is synchronized, in the sense that there is a finite automaton that takes as input the Ostrowski representations of $n$ and $y$ in parallel, and accepts if and only if $y = \lfloor n α+ β\rfloor$. Since it is already known that the addition relation is computable for Ostrowski representations based on a quadratic number, a consequence is a new and rather simple proof that the first-order logical theory of these sequences with addition is decidable. The decision procedure is easily implemented in the free software Walnut. As an application, we show that for each $r \geq 1$ it is decidable whether the set $\{ \lfloor n α+ β\rfloor \, : \, n \geq 1 \}$ forms an additive basis (or asymptotic additive basis) of order $r$. Using our techniques, we also solve some open problems of Reble and Kimberling, and give an explicit characterization of a sequence of Hildebrand et al.
title Beatty Sequences for a Quadratic Irrational: Decidability and Applications
topic Number Theory
Discrete Mathematics
Formal Languages and Automata Theory
Combinatorics
Logic
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.08331