Inference for an Algorithmic Fairness-Accuracy Frontier

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Liu, Yiqi, Molinari, Francesca
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2024
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author Liu, Yiqi
Molinari, Francesca
author_facet Liu, Yiqi
Molinari, Francesca
contents Algorithms are increasingly used to aid with high-stakes decision making. Yet, their predictive ability frequently exhibits systematic variation across population subgroups. To assess the trade-off between fairness and accuracy using finite data, we propose a debiased machine learning estimator for the fairness-accuracy frontier introduced by Liang, Lu, Mu, and Okumura (2024). We derive its asymptotic distribution and propose inference methods to test key hypotheses in the fairness literature, such as (i) whether excluding group identity from use in training the algorithm is optimal and (ii) whether there are less discriminatory alternatives to a given algorithm. In addition, we construct an estimator for the distance between a given algorithm and the fairest point on the frontier, and characterize its asymptotic distribution. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we evaluate the finite-sample performance of our inference methods. We apply our framework to re-evaluate algorithms used in hospital care management and show that our approach yields alternative algorithms that lie on the fairness-accuracy frontier, offering improvements along both dimensions.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2402_08879
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Inference for an Algorithmic Fairness-Accuracy Frontier
Liu, Yiqi
Molinari, Francesca
Econometrics
Machine Learning
Algorithms are increasingly used to aid with high-stakes decision making. Yet, their predictive ability frequently exhibits systematic variation across population subgroups. To assess the trade-off between fairness and accuracy using finite data, we propose a debiased machine learning estimator for the fairness-accuracy frontier introduced by Liang, Lu, Mu, and Okumura (2024). We derive its asymptotic distribution and propose inference methods to test key hypotheses in the fairness literature, such as (i) whether excluding group identity from use in training the algorithm is optimal and (ii) whether there are less discriminatory alternatives to a given algorithm. In addition, we construct an estimator for the distance between a given algorithm and the fairest point on the frontier, and characterize its asymptotic distribution. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we evaluate the finite-sample performance of our inference methods. We apply our framework to re-evaluate algorithms used in hospital care management and show that our approach yields alternative algorithms that lie on the fairness-accuracy frontier, offering improvements along both dimensions.
title Inference for an Algorithmic Fairness-Accuracy Frontier
topic Econometrics
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.08879