Machine Learning, Density Functional Theory, and Experiments to Understand the Photocatalytic Reduction of CO$_2$ by CuPt/TiO$_2$
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2024
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| _version_ | 1866916129424801792 |
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| author | Sumaria, Vaidish Rawal, Takat B. Li, Young Feng Sommer, David Vikoren, Jake Bondi, Robert J. Rupp, Matthias Prasad, Amrit Prasad, Deeptanshu |
| author_facet | Sumaria, Vaidish Rawal, Takat B. Li, Young Feng Sommer, David Vikoren, Jake Bondi, Robert J. Rupp, Matthias Prasad, Amrit Prasad, Deeptanshu |
| contents | The photoconversion of CO$_2$ to hydrocarbons is a sustainable route to its transformation into value-added compounds and, thereby, crucial to mitigating the energy and climate crises. CuPt nanoparticles on TiO$_2$ surfaces have been reported to show promising photoconversion efficiency. For further progress, a mechanistic understanding of the catalytic properties of these CuPt/TiO$_2$ systems is vital. Here, we employ $\textit{ab-initio}$ calculations, machine learning, and photocatalysis experiments to explore their configurational space and examine their reactivity and find that the interface plays a key role in stabilizing *CO$_2$, *CO, and other CH-containing intermediates, facilitating higher activity and selectivity for methane. A bias-corrected machine-learning interatomic potential trained on density functional theory data enables efficient exploration of the potential energy surfaces of numerous CO$_2$@CuPt/TiO$_2$ configurations via basin-hopping Monte Carlo simulations, greatly accelerating the study of these photocatalyst systems. Our simulations show that CO$_2$ preferentially adsorbs at the interface, with C atom bonded to a Pt site and one O atom occupying an O-vacancy site. The interface also promotes the formation of *CH and *CH$_2$ intermediates. For confirmation, we synthesize CuPt/TiO$_2$ samples with a variety of compositions and analyze their morphologies and compositions using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and measure their photocatalytic activity. Our computational and experimental findings qualitatively agree and highlight the importance of interface design for selective conversion of CO$_2$ to hydrocarbons. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2402_08884 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Machine Learning, Density Functional Theory, and Experiments to Understand the Photocatalytic Reduction of CO$_2$ by CuPt/TiO$_2$ Sumaria, Vaidish Rawal, Takat B. Li, Young Feng Sommer, David Vikoren, Jake Bondi, Robert J. Rupp, Matthias Prasad, Amrit Prasad, Deeptanshu Materials Science Chemical Physics The photoconversion of CO$_2$ to hydrocarbons is a sustainable route to its transformation into value-added compounds and, thereby, crucial to mitigating the energy and climate crises. CuPt nanoparticles on TiO$_2$ surfaces have been reported to show promising photoconversion efficiency. For further progress, a mechanistic understanding of the catalytic properties of these CuPt/TiO$_2$ systems is vital. Here, we employ $\textit{ab-initio}$ calculations, machine learning, and photocatalysis experiments to explore their configurational space and examine their reactivity and find that the interface plays a key role in stabilizing *CO$_2$, *CO, and other CH-containing intermediates, facilitating higher activity and selectivity for methane. A bias-corrected machine-learning interatomic potential trained on density functional theory data enables efficient exploration of the potential energy surfaces of numerous CO$_2$@CuPt/TiO$_2$ configurations via basin-hopping Monte Carlo simulations, greatly accelerating the study of these photocatalyst systems. Our simulations show that CO$_2$ preferentially adsorbs at the interface, with C atom bonded to a Pt site and one O atom occupying an O-vacancy site. The interface also promotes the formation of *CH and *CH$_2$ intermediates. For confirmation, we synthesize CuPt/TiO$_2$ samples with a variety of compositions and analyze their morphologies and compositions using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and measure their photocatalytic activity. Our computational and experimental findings qualitatively agree and highlight the importance of interface design for selective conversion of CO$_2$ to hydrocarbons. |
| title | Machine Learning, Density Functional Theory, and Experiments to Understand the Photocatalytic Reduction of CO$_2$ by CuPt/TiO$_2$ |
| topic | Materials Science Chemical Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.08884 |