Alive but Barely Kicking: News from 3+ years of Swift and XMM-Newton X-ray Monitoring of Quasi-Periodic Eruptions from eRO-QPE1

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Main Authors: Pasham, Dheeraj R., Coughlin, Eric R., Zajacek, Michal, Linial, Itai, Sukova, Petra, Nixon, Christopher J., Janiuk, Agnieszka, Sniegowska, Marzena, Witzany, Vojtech, Karas, Vladimir, Krumpe, M., Altamirano, Diego, Wevers, Thomas, Arcodia, Riccardo
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Pasham, Dheeraj R.
Coughlin, Eric R.
Zajacek, Michal
Linial, Itai
Sukova, Petra
Nixon, Christopher J.
Janiuk, Agnieszka
Sniegowska, Marzena
Witzany, Vojtech
Karas, Vladimir
Krumpe, M.
Altamirano, Diego
Wevers, Thomas
Arcodia, Riccardo
author_facet Pasham, Dheeraj R.
Coughlin, Eric R.
Zajacek, Michal
Linial, Itai
Sukova, Petra
Nixon, Christopher J.
Janiuk, Agnieszka
Sniegowska, Marzena
Witzany, Vojtech
Karas, Vladimir
Krumpe, M.
Altamirano, Diego
Wevers, Thomas
Arcodia, Riccardo
contents Quasi-periodic Eruptions (QPEs) represent a novel class of extragalactic X-ray transients that are known to repeat at roughly regular intervals of a few hours to days. Their underlying physical mechanism is a topic of heated debate, with most models proposing that they originate either from instabilities within the inner accretion flow or from orbiting objects. At present, our knowledge of how QPEs evolve over an extended timescale of multiple years is limited, except for the unique QPE source GSN 069. In this study, we present results from strategically designed Swift observing programs spanning the past three years, aimed at tracking eruptions from eRO-QPE1. Our main results are: 1) the recurrence time of eruptions can vary between 0.6 and 1.2 days, 2) there is no detectable secular trend in evolution of the recurrence times, 3) consistent with prior studies, their eruption profiles can have complex shapes, and 4) the peak flux of the eruptions has been declining over the past 3 years with the eruptions barely detected in the most recent Swift dataset taken in June of 2023. This trend of weakening eruptions has been reported recently in GSN 069. However, because the background luminosity of eRO-QPE1 is below our detection limit, we cannot verify if the weakening is correlated with the background luminosity (as is claimed to be the case for GSN 069). We discuss these findings within the context of various proposed QPE models.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2402_09690
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Alive but Barely Kicking: News from 3+ years of Swift and XMM-Newton X-ray Monitoring of Quasi-Periodic Eruptions from eRO-QPE1
Pasham, Dheeraj R.
Coughlin, Eric R.
Zajacek, Michal
Linial, Itai
Sukova, Petra
Nixon, Christopher J.
Janiuk, Agnieszka
Sniegowska, Marzena
Witzany, Vojtech
Karas, Vladimir
Krumpe, M.
Altamirano, Diego
Wevers, Thomas
Arcodia, Riccardo
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Quasi-periodic Eruptions (QPEs) represent a novel class of extragalactic X-ray transients that are known to repeat at roughly regular intervals of a few hours to days. Their underlying physical mechanism is a topic of heated debate, with most models proposing that they originate either from instabilities within the inner accretion flow or from orbiting objects. At present, our knowledge of how QPEs evolve over an extended timescale of multiple years is limited, except for the unique QPE source GSN 069. In this study, we present results from strategically designed Swift observing programs spanning the past three years, aimed at tracking eruptions from eRO-QPE1. Our main results are: 1) the recurrence time of eruptions can vary between 0.6 and 1.2 days, 2) there is no detectable secular trend in evolution of the recurrence times, 3) consistent with prior studies, their eruption profiles can have complex shapes, and 4) the peak flux of the eruptions has been declining over the past 3 years with the eruptions barely detected in the most recent Swift dataset taken in June of 2023. This trend of weakening eruptions has been reported recently in GSN 069. However, because the background luminosity of eRO-QPE1 is below our detection limit, we cannot verify if the weakening is correlated with the background luminosity (as is claimed to be the case for GSN 069). We discuss these findings within the context of various proposed QPE models.
title Alive but Barely Kicking: News from 3+ years of Swift and XMM-Newton X-ray Monitoring of Quasi-Periodic Eruptions from eRO-QPE1
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.09690