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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2024
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.10746 |
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| _version_ | 1866913239538860032 |
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| author | Mouloudakis, K. Koutrouli, V. Kominis, I. K. Mitchell, M. W. Vasilakis, G. |
| author_facet | Mouloudakis, K. Koutrouli, V. Kominis, I. K. Mitchell, M. W. Vasilakis, G. |
| contents | Present protocols for obtaining the ultimate magnetic sensitivity of optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) utilizing alkali-metal ensembles rely on uncorrelated atoms in stretched states. A new approach for calculating the spin projection noise (SPN)-limited signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the magnetic sensitivity of OPMs is proposed. Our model is based solely on the mean-field density matrix dynamics and in contrast to previous models, it applies to both low and high field regimes, it takes into account the degree of spin polarization, the intra- and interhyperfine correlations, the decoherence processes, the atom-light coupling and the effects of the spin dynamics on the spin-noise spectra. Fine tuning of the probe frequency allow us to explore different hyperfine states and ground-state correlations. Especially in the spin-exchange-relaxation-free (SERF) regime, alongside the magnetic resonance narrowing and the increased number density, hallmarks of SERF magnetometers, we report on a new SERF feature; the reduction of spin-projection noise at the spin precession frequency as a consequence of strongly-correlated hyperfine spins that attenuate and redistribute SPN when properly probed. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2402_10746 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Spin projection noise and the magnetic sensitivity of optically pumped magnetometers Mouloudakis, K. Koutrouli, V. Kominis, I. K. Mitchell, M. W. Vasilakis, G. Quantum Physics Present protocols for obtaining the ultimate magnetic sensitivity of optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) utilizing alkali-metal ensembles rely on uncorrelated atoms in stretched states. A new approach for calculating the spin projection noise (SPN)-limited signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the magnetic sensitivity of OPMs is proposed. Our model is based solely on the mean-field density matrix dynamics and in contrast to previous models, it applies to both low and high field regimes, it takes into account the degree of spin polarization, the intra- and interhyperfine correlations, the decoherence processes, the atom-light coupling and the effects of the spin dynamics on the spin-noise spectra. Fine tuning of the probe frequency allow us to explore different hyperfine states and ground-state correlations. Especially in the spin-exchange-relaxation-free (SERF) regime, alongside the magnetic resonance narrowing and the increased number density, hallmarks of SERF magnetometers, we report on a new SERF feature; the reduction of spin-projection noise at the spin precession frequency as a consequence of strongly-correlated hyperfine spins that attenuate and redistribute SPN when properly probed. |
| title | Spin projection noise and the magnetic sensitivity of optically pumped magnetometers |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.10746 |