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| Autori principali: | , , , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2024
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| Accesso online: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.00350 |
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| _version_ | 1866916143689629696 |
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| author | Li, Shiyu Cui, Weiwei Baasch, Thierry Wang, Bin Gong, Zhixiong |
| author_facet | Li, Shiyu Cui, Weiwei Baasch, Thierry Wang, Bin Gong, Zhixiong |
| contents | Acoustic streaming shows great potential in applications such as bubble dynamics, cell aggregation, and nano-sized particle isolation in the biomedical and drug industries. As the acoustic shock distance decreases with the increase of incident frequency, the nonlinear propagation effect will play a role in acoustic streaming, e.g., Eckart (bulk) streaming at a few gigahertz (GHz). However, the theory of source terms of bulk streaming is still missing at this stage when high-order acoustic harmonics play a role. In this paper, we derive the source term including the contribution of higher-order harmonics. The streaming-induced hydrodynamic flow is assumed to be incompressible and no shock wave occurs during the nonlinear acoustic propagation as restricted by the traditional Goldberg number Γ< 1 or Γ\approx 1 which indicates the importance of nonlinearity relative to dissipation. The derived force terms allow evaluating bulk streaming with high-order harmonics at GHz and provide an exact expression compared to the existing empirical formulas. Numerical results show that the contribution of higher-order harmonics increases the streaming flow velocity by more than 20%. We show that the expression introduced by Nyborg should be avoided in numerical computations as it includes part of the acoustic radiation force that does not lead to acoustic streaming. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2403_00350 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Eckart streaming with nonlinear high-order harmonics: an example at gigahertz Li, Shiyu Cui, Weiwei Baasch, Thierry Wang, Bin Gong, Zhixiong Fluid Dynamics Acoustic streaming shows great potential in applications such as bubble dynamics, cell aggregation, and nano-sized particle isolation in the biomedical and drug industries. As the acoustic shock distance decreases with the increase of incident frequency, the nonlinear propagation effect will play a role in acoustic streaming, e.g., Eckart (bulk) streaming at a few gigahertz (GHz). However, the theory of source terms of bulk streaming is still missing at this stage when high-order acoustic harmonics play a role. In this paper, we derive the source term including the contribution of higher-order harmonics. The streaming-induced hydrodynamic flow is assumed to be incompressible and no shock wave occurs during the nonlinear acoustic propagation as restricted by the traditional Goldberg number Γ< 1 or Γ\approx 1 which indicates the importance of nonlinearity relative to dissipation. The derived force terms allow evaluating bulk streaming with high-order harmonics at GHz and provide an exact expression compared to the existing empirical formulas. Numerical results show that the contribution of higher-order harmonics increases the streaming flow velocity by more than 20%. We show that the expression introduced by Nyborg should be avoided in numerical computations as it includes part of the acoustic radiation force that does not lead to acoustic streaming. |
| title | Eckart streaming with nonlinear high-order harmonics: an example at gigahertz |
| topic | Fluid Dynamics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.00350 |