A Simple QUBO Formulation of Sudoku

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1. Verfasser: Mücke, Sascha
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2024
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author Mücke, Sascha
author_facet Mücke, Sascha
contents This article describes how to solve Sudoku puzzles using Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO). To this end, a QUBO instance with 729 variables is constructed, encoding a Sudoku grid with all constraints in place, which is then partially assigned to account for clues. The resulting instance can be solved with a Quantum Annealer, or any other strategy, to obtain the fully filled-out Sudoku grid. Moreover, as all valid solutions have the same energy, the QUBO instance can be used to sample uniformly from the space of valid Sudoku grids. We demonstrate the described method using both a heuristic solver and a Quantum Annealer.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2403_04816
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Simple QUBO Formulation of Sudoku
Mücke, Sascha
Quantum Physics
This article describes how to solve Sudoku puzzles using Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO). To this end, a QUBO instance with 729 variables is constructed, encoding a Sudoku grid with all constraints in place, which is then partially assigned to account for clues. The resulting instance can be solved with a Quantum Annealer, or any other strategy, to obtain the fully filled-out Sudoku grid. Moreover, as all valid solutions have the same energy, the QUBO instance can be used to sample uniformly from the space of valid Sudoku grids. We demonstrate the described method using both a heuristic solver and a Quantum Annealer.
title A Simple QUBO Formulation of Sudoku
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.04816