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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Gilbert, Anna C., O'Neill, Kevin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.07929
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author Gilbert, Anna C.
O'Neill, Kevin
author_facet Gilbert, Anna C.
O'Neill, Kevin
contents This paper introduces a novel, non-deterministic method for embedding data in low-dimensional Euclidean space based on computing realizations of a Gaussian process depending on the geometry of the data. This type of embedding first appeared in (Adler et al, 2018) as a theoretical model for a generic manifold in high dimensions. In particular, we take the covariance function of the Gaussian process to be the heat kernel, and computing the embedding amounts to sketching a matrix representing the heat kernel. The Karhunen-Loève expansion reveals that the straight-line distances in the embedding approximate the diffusion distance in a probabilistic sense, avoiding the need for sharp cutoffs and maintaining some of the smaller-scale structure. Our method demonstrates further advantage in its robustness to outliers. We justify the approach with both theory and experiments.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2403_07929
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Sketching the Heat Kernel: Using Gaussian Processes to Embed Data
Gilbert, Anna C.
O'Neill, Kevin
Machine Learning
Numerical Analysis
This paper introduces a novel, non-deterministic method for embedding data in low-dimensional Euclidean space based on computing realizations of a Gaussian process depending on the geometry of the data. This type of embedding first appeared in (Adler et al, 2018) as a theoretical model for a generic manifold in high dimensions. In particular, we take the covariance function of the Gaussian process to be the heat kernel, and computing the embedding amounts to sketching a matrix representing the heat kernel. The Karhunen-Loève expansion reveals that the straight-line distances in the embedding approximate the diffusion distance in a probabilistic sense, avoiding the need for sharp cutoffs and maintaining some of the smaller-scale structure. Our method demonstrates further advantage in its robustness to outliers. We justify the approach with both theory and experiments.
title Sketching the Heat Kernel: Using Gaussian Processes to Embed Data
topic Machine Learning
Numerical Analysis
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.07929