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Main Authors: He, Run, Fang, Di, Chen, Yizhu, Tong, Kai, Chen, Cen, Wang, Yi, Chau, Lap-pui, Zhuang, Huiping
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.13522
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author He, Run
Fang, Di
Chen, Yizhu
Tong, Kai
Chen, Cen
Wang, Yi
Chau, Lap-pui
Zhuang, Huiping
author_facet He, Run
Fang, Di
Chen, Yizhu
Tong, Kai
Chen, Cen
Wang, Yi
Chau, Lap-pui
Zhuang, Huiping
contents Exemplar-free class-incremental learning (EFCIL) aims to mitigate catastrophic forgetting in class-incremental learning (CIL) without available historical training samples as exemplars. Compared with its exemplar-based CIL counterpart that stores exemplars, EFCIL suffers more from forgetting issues. Recently, a new EFCIL branch named Analytic Continual Learning (ACL) introduces a gradient-free paradigm via Recursive Least-Square, achieving a forgetting-resistant classifier training with a frozen backbone during CIL. However, existing ACL suffers from ineffective representations and insufficient utilization of backbone knowledge. In this paper, we propose a representation-enhanced analytic learning (REAL) to address these problems. To enhance the representation, REAL constructs a dual-stream base pretraining followed by representation enhancing distillation process. The dual-stream base pretraining combines self-supervised contrastive learning for general features and supervised learning for class-specific knowledge, followed by the representation enhancing distillation to merge both streams, enhancing representations for subsequent CIL paradigm. To utilize more knowledge from the backbone, REAL presents a feature fusion buffer to multi-layer backbone features, providing informative features for the subsequent classifier training. Our method can be incorporated into existing ACL techniques and provides more competitive performance. Empirical results demonstrate that, REAL achieves state-of-the-art performance on CIFAR-100, ImageNet-100 and ImageNet-1k benchmarks, outperforming exemplar-free methods and rivaling exemplar-based approaches.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2403_13522
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publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle REAL: Representation Enhanced Analytic Learning for Exemplar-free Class-incremental Learning
He, Run
Fang, Di
Chen, Yizhu
Tong, Kai
Chen, Cen
Wang, Yi
Chau, Lap-pui
Zhuang, Huiping
Machine Learning
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Exemplar-free class-incremental learning (EFCIL) aims to mitigate catastrophic forgetting in class-incremental learning (CIL) without available historical training samples as exemplars. Compared with its exemplar-based CIL counterpart that stores exemplars, EFCIL suffers more from forgetting issues. Recently, a new EFCIL branch named Analytic Continual Learning (ACL) introduces a gradient-free paradigm via Recursive Least-Square, achieving a forgetting-resistant classifier training with a frozen backbone during CIL. However, existing ACL suffers from ineffective representations and insufficient utilization of backbone knowledge. In this paper, we propose a representation-enhanced analytic learning (REAL) to address these problems. To enhance the representation, REAL constructs a dual-stream base pretraining followed by representation enhancing distillation process. The dual-stream base pretraining combines self-supervised contrastive learning for general features and supervised learning for class-specific knowledge, followed by the representation enhancing distillation to merge both streams, enhancing representations for subsequent CIL paradigm. To utilize more knowledge from the backbone, REAL presents a feature fusion buffer to multi-layer backbone features, providing informative features for the subsequent classifier training. Our method can be incorporated into existing ACL techniques and provides more competitive performance. Empirical results demonstrate that, REAL achieves state-of-the-art performance on CIFAR-100, ImageNet-100 and ImageNet-1k benchmarks, outperforming exemplar-free methods and rivaling exemplar-based approaches.
title REAL: Representation Enhanced Analytic Learning for Exemplar-free Class-incremental Learning
topic Machine Learning
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.13522