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Offline tagging of radon-induced backgrounds in XENON1T and applicability to other liquid xenon detectors

Fuente: arXiv

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Ghosh, S., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lin, Y. T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Messina, M., Michael, A., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Pan, Y., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rajado, M., Shi, J., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., Zhu, T.
Formato:	Preprint
Publicado:	2024
Materias:	High Energy Physics - Experiment Instrumentation and Detectors
Acceso en línea:	Acceder al recurso
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

_version_	1866910820767629312
author	Aprile, E. Aalbers, J. Abe, K. Maouloud, S. Ahmed Althueser, L. Andrieu, B. Angelino, E. Angevaare, J. R. Martin, D. Antón Arneodo, F. Baudis, L. Baxter, A. L. Bazyk, M. Bellagamba, L. Biondi, R. Bismark, A. Brookes, E. J. Brown, A. Bruno, G. Budnik, R. Bui, T. K. Cardoso, J. M. R. Chavez, A. P. Cimental Colijn, A. P. Conrad, J. Cuenca-García, J. J. D'Andrea, V. Garcia, L. C. Daniel Decowski, M. P. Di Donato, C. Di Gangi, P. Diglio, S. Eitel, K. Elykov, A. Ferella, A. D. Ferrari, C. Fischer, H. Flehmke, T. Flierman, M. Fulgione, W. Fuselli, C. Gaemers, P. Gaior, R. Galloway, M. Gao, F. Ghosh, S. Glade-Beucke, R. Grandi, L. Grigat, J. Guan, H. Guida, M. Hammann, R. Higuera, A. Hils, C. Hoetzsch, L. Hood, N. F. Iacovacci, M. Itow, Y. Jakob, J. Joerg, F. Joy, A. Kaminaga, Y. Kara, M. Kavrigin, P. Kazama, S. Kobayashi, M. Kopec, A. Kuger, F. Landsman, H. Lang, R. F. Levinson, L. Li, I. Li, S. Liang, S. Lin, Y. T. Lindemann, S. Lindner, M. Liu, K. Loizeau, J. Lombardi, F. Long, J. Lopes, J. A. M. Luce, T. Ma, Y. Macolino, C. Mahlstedt, J. Mancuso, A. Manenti, L. Marignetti, F. Undagoitia, T. Marrodán Martens, K. Masbou, J. Masson, E. Mastroianni, S. Melchiorre, A. Messina, M. Michael, A. Miuchi, K. Molinario, A. Moriyama, S. Morå, K. Mosbacher, Y. Murra, M. Müller, J. Ni, K. Oberlack, U. Paetsch, B. Palacio, J. Pan, Y. Pellegrini, Q. Peres, R. Peters, C. Pienaar, J. Pierre, M. Plante, G. Pollmann, T. R. Principe, L. Qi, J. Qin, J. García, D. Ramírez Rajado, M. Shi, J. Singh, R. Sanchez, L. Santos, J. M. F. dos Sarnoff, I. Sartorelli, G. Schreiner, J. Schulte, D. Schulte, P. Eißing, H. Schulze Schumann, M. Lavina, L. Scotto Selvi, M. Semeria, F. Shagin, P. Shi, S. Silva, M. Simgen, H. Takeda, A. Tan, P. -L. Terliuk, A. Thers, D. Toschi, F. Trinchero, G. Tunnell, C. Tönnies, F. Valerius, K. Vecchi, S. Vetter, S. Volta, G. Weinheimer, C. Weiss, M. Wenz, D. Wittweg, C. Wolf, T. Wu, V. H. S. Xing, Y. Xu, D. Xu, Z. Yamashita, M. Yang, L. Ye, J. Yuan, L. Zavattini, G. Zhong, M. Zhu, T.
author_facet	Aprile, E. Aalbers, J. Abe, K. Maouloud, S. Ahmed Althueser, L. Andrieu, B. Angelino, E. Angevaare, J. R. Martin, D. Antón Arneodo, F. Baudis, L. Baxter, A. L. Bazyk, M. Bellagamba, L. Biondi, R. Bismark, A. Brookes, E. J. Brown, A. Bruno, G. Budnik, R. Bui, T. K. Cardoso, J. M. R. Chavez, A. P. Cimental Colijn, A. P. Conrad, J. Cuenca-García, J. J. D'Andrea, V. Garcia, L. C. Daniel Decowski, M. P. Di Donato, C. Di Gangi, P. Diglio, S. Eitel, K. Elykov, A. Ferella, A. D. Ferrari, C. Fischer, H. Flehmke, T. Flierman, M. Fulgione, W. Fuselli, C. Gaemers, P. Gaior, R. Galloway, M. Gao, F. Ghosh, S. Glade-Beucke, R. Grandi, L. Grigat, J. Guan, H. Guida, M. Hammann, R. Higuera, A. Hils, C. Hoetzsch, L. Hood, N. F. Iacovacci, M. Itow, Y. Jakob, J. Joerg, F. Joy, A. Kaminaga, Y. Kara, M. Kavrigin, P. Kazama, S. Kobayashi, M. Kopec, A. Kuger, F. Landsman, H. Lang, R. F. Levinson, L. Li, I. Li, S. Liang, S. Lin, Y. T. Lindemann, S. Lindner, M. Liu, K. Loizeau, J. Lombardi, F. Long, J. Lopes, J. A. M. Luce, T. Ma, Y. Macolino, C. Mahlstedt, J. Mancuso, A. Manenti, L. Marignetti, F. Undagoitia, T. Marrodán Martens, K. Masbou, J. Masson, E. Mastroianni, S. Melchiorre, A. Messina, M. Michael, A. Miuchi, K. Molinario, A. Moriyama, S. Morå, K. Mosbacher, Y. Murra, M. Müller, J. Ni, K. Oberlack, U. Paetsch, B. Palacio, J. Pan, Y. Pellegrini, Q. Peres, R. Peters, C. Pienaar, J. Pierre, M. Plante, G. Pollmann, T. R. Principe, L. Qi, J. Qin, J. García, D. Ramírez Rajado, M. Shi, J. Singh, R. Sanchez, L. Santos, J. M. F. dos Sarnoff, I. Sartorelli, G. Schreiner, J. Schulte, D. Schulte, P. Eißing, H. Schulze Schumann, M. Lavina, L. Scotto Selvi, M. Semeria, F. Shagin, P. Shi, S. Silva, M. Simgen, H. Takeda, A. Tan, P. -L. Terliuk, A. Thers, D. Toschi, F. Trinchero, G. Tunnell, C. Tönnies, F. Valerius, K. Vecchi, S. Vetter, S. Volta, G. Weinheimer, C. Weiss, M. Wenz, D. Wittweg, C. Wolf, T. Wu, V. H. S. Xing, Y. Xu, D. Xu, Z. Yamashita, M. Yang, L. Ye, J. Yuan, L. Zavattini, G. Zhong, M. Zhu, T.
contents	This paper details the first application of a software tagging algorithm to reduce radon-induced backgrounds in liquid noble element time projection chambers, such as XENON1T and XENONnT. The convection velocity field in XENON1T was mapped out using $^{222}\text{Rn}$ and $^{218}\text{Po}$ events, and the root-mean-square convection speed was measured to be $0.30 \pm 0.01$ cm/s. Given this velocity field, $^{214}\text{Pb}$ background events can be tagged when they are followed by $^{214}\text{Bi}$ and $^{214}\text{Po}$ decays, or preceded by $^{218}\text{Po}$ decays. This was achieved by evolving a point cloud in the direction of a measured convection velocity field, and searching for $^{214}\text{Bi}$ and $^{214}\text{Po}$ decays or $^{218}\text{Po}$ decays within a volume defined by the point cloud. In XENON1T, this tagging system achieved a $^{214}\text{Pb}$ background reduction of $6.2^{+0.4}_{-0.9}\%$ with an exposure loss of $1.8\pm 0.2 \%$, despite the timescales of convection being smaller than the relevant decay times. We show that the performance can be improved in XENONnT, and that the performance of such a software-tagging approach can be expected to be further improved in a diffusion-limited scenario. Finally, a similar method might be useful to tag the cosmogenic $^{137}\text{Xe}$ background, which is relevant to the search for neutrinoless double-beta decay.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2403_14878
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2024
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Offline tagging of radon-induced backgrounds in XENON1T and applicability to other liquid xenon detectors Aprile, E. Aalbers, J. Abe, K. Maouloud, S. Ahmed Althueser, L. Andrieu, B. Angelino, E. Angevaare, J. R. Martin, D. Antón Arneodo, F. Baudis, L. Baxter, A. L. Bazyk, M. Bellagamba, L. Biondi, R. Bismark, A. Brookes, E. J. Brown, A. Bruno, G. Budnik, R. Bui, T. K. Cardoso, J. M. R. Chavez, A. P. Cimental Colijn, A. P. Conrad, J. Cuenca-García, J. J. D'Andrea, V. Garcia, L. C. Daniel Decowski, M. P. Di Donato, C. Di Gangi, P. Diglio, S. Eitel, K. Elykov, A. Ferella, A. D. Ferrari, C. Fischer, H. Flehmke, T. Flierman, M. Fulgione, W. Fuselli, C. Gaemers, P. Gaior, R. Galloway, M. Gao, F. Ghosh, S. Glade-Beucke, R. Grandi, L. Grigat, J. Guan, H. Guida, M. Hammann, R. Higuera, A. Hils, C. Hoetzsch, L. Hood, N. F. Iacovacci, M. Itow, Y. Jakob, J. Joerg, F. Joy, A. Kaminaga, Y. Kara, M. Kavrigin, P. Kazama, S. Kobayashi, M. Kopec, A. Kuger, F. Landsman, H. Lang, R. F. Levinson, L. Li, I. Li, S. Liang, S. Lin, Y. T. Lindemann, S. Lindner, M. Liu, K. Loizeau, J. Lombardi, F. Long, J. Lopes, J. A. M. Luce, T. Ma, Y. Macolino, C. Mahlstedt, J. Mancuso, A. Manenti, L. Marignetti, F. Undagoitia, T. Marrodán Martens, K. Masbou, J. Masson, E. Mastroianni, S. Melchiorre, A. Messina, M. Michael, A. Miuchi, K. Molinario, A. Moriyama, S. Morå, K. Mosbacher, Y. Murra, M. Müller, J. Ni, K. Oberlack, U. Paetsch, B. Palacio, J. Pan, Y. Pellegrini, Q. Peres, R. Peters, C. Pienaar, J. Pierre, M. Plante, G. Pollmann, T. R. Principe, L. Qi, J. Qin, J. García, D. Ramírez Rajado, M. Shi, J. Singh, R. Sanchez, L. Santos, J. M. F. dos Sarnoff, I. Sartorelli, G. Schreiner, J. Schulte, D. Schulte, P. Eißing, H. Schulze Schumann, M. Lavina, L. Scotto Selvi, M. Semeria, F. Shagin, P. Shi, S. Silva, M. Simgen, H. Takeda, A. Tan, P. -L. Terliuk, A. Thers, D. Toschi, F. Trinchero, G. Tunnell, C. Tönnies, F. Valerius, K. Vecchi, S. Vetter, S. Volta, G. Weinheimer, C. Weiss, M. Wenz, D. Wittweg, C. Wolf, T. Wu, V. H. S. Xing, Y. Xu, D. Xu, Z. Yamashita, M. Yang, L. Ye, J. Yuan, L. Zavattini, G. Zhong, M. Zhu, T. High Energy Physics - Experiment Instrumentation and Detectors This paper details the first application of a software tagging algorithm to reduce radon-induced backgrounds in liquid noble element time projection chambers, such as XENON1T and XENONnT. The convection velocity field in XENON1T was mapped out using $^{222}\text{Rn}$ and $^{218}\text{Po}$ events, and the root-mean-square convection speed was measured to be $0.30 \pm 0.01$ cm/s. Given this velocity field, $^{214}\text{Pb}$ background events can be tagged when they are followed by $^{214}\text{Bi}$ and $^{214}\text{Po}$ decays, or preceded by $^{218}\text{Po}$ decays. This was achieved by evolving a point cloud in the direction of a measured convection velocity field, and searching for $^{214}\text{Bi}$ and $^{214}\text{Po}$ decays or $^{218}\text{Po}$ decays within a volume defined by the point cloud. In XENON1T, this tagging system achieved a $^{214}\text{Pb}$ background reduction of $6.2^{+0.4}_{-0.9}\%$ with an exposure loss of $1.8\pm 0.2 \%$, despite the timescales of convection being smaller than the relevant decay times. We show that the performance can be improved in XENONnT, and that the performance of such a software-tagging approach can be expected to be further improved in a diffusion-limited scenario. Finally, a similar method might be useful to tag the cosmogenic $^{137}\text{Xe}$ background, which is relevant to the search for neutrinoless double-beta decay.
title	Offline tagging of radon-induced backgrounds in XENON1T and applicability to other liquid xenon detectors
topic	High Energy Physics - Experiment Instrumentation and Detectors
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.14878