The First High-Contrast Images of Near High-Mass X-Ray Binaries with Keck/NIRC2
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2024
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| author | Prasow-Émond, M. Hlavacek-Larrondo, J. Fogarty, K. Artigau, É. Mawet, D. Gandhi, P. Steiner, J. F. Rameau, J. Lafrenière, D. Fabian, A. C. Walton, D. J. Doyon, R. Ren, B. B. |
| author_facet | Prasow-Émond, M. Hlavacek-Larrondo, J. Fogarty, K. Artigau, É. Mawet, D. Gandhi, P. Steiner, J. F. Rameau, J. Lafrenière, D. Fabian, A. C. Walton, D. J. Doyon, R. Ren, B. B. |
| contents | Although the study of X-ray binaries has led to major breakthroughs in high-energy astrophysics, their circumbinary environment at scales of $\sim$100--10,000 astronomical units has not been thoroughly investigated. In this paper, we undertake a novel and exploratory study by employing direct and high-contrast imaging techniques on a sample of X-ray binaries, using adaptive optics and the vortex coronagraph on Keck/NIRC2. High-contrast imaging opens up the possibility to search for exoplanets, brown dwarfs, circumbinary companion stars, and protoplanetary disks in these extreme systems. Here, we present the first near-infrared high-contrast images of 13 high-mass X-ray binaries located within $\sim$2--3 kpc. The key results of this campaign involve the discovery of several candidate circumbinary companions ranging from sub-stellar (brown dwarf) to stellar masses. By conducting an analysis based on galactic population models, we discriminate sources that are likely background/foreground stars and isolate those that have a high probability ($\gtrsim 60 - 99\%$) of being gravitationally bound to the X-ray binary. This publication seeks to establish a preliminary catalog for future analyses of proper motion and subsequent observations. With our preliminary results, we calculate the first estimate of the companion frequency and the multiplicity frequency for X-ray binaries: $\approx$0.6 and 1.8 $\pm$ 0.9 respectively, considering only the sources that are most likely bound to the X-ray binary. In addition to extending our comprehension of how brown dwarfs and stars can form and survive in such extreme systems, our study opens a new window to our understanding of the formation of X-ray binaries. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2403_15845 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The First High-Contrast Images of Near High-Mass X-Ray Binaries with Keck/NIRC2 Prasow-Émond, M. Hlavacek-Larrondo, J. Fogarty, K. Artigau, É. Mawet, D. Gandhi, P. Steiner, J. F. Rameau, J. Lafrenière, D. Fabian, A. C. Walton, D. J. Doyon, R. Ren, B. B. Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Earth and Planetary Astrophysics High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Although the study of X-ray binaries has led to major breakthroughs in high-energy astrophysics, their circumbinary environment at scales of $\sim$100--10,000 astronomical units has not been thoroughly investigated. In this paper, we undertake a novel and exploratory study by employing direct and high-contrast imaging techniques on a sample of X-ray binaries, using adaptive optics and the vortex coronagraph on Keck/NIRC2. High-contrast imaging opens up the possibility to search for exoplanets, brown dwarfs, circumbinary companion stars, and protoplanetary disks in these extreme systems. Here, we present the first near-infrared high-contrast images of 13 high-mass X-ray binaries located within $\sim$2--3 kpc. The key results of this campaign involve the discovery of several candidate circumbinary companions ranging from sub-stellar (brown dwarf) to stellar masses. By conducting an analysis based on galactic population models, we discriminate sources that are likely background/foreground stars and isolate those that have a high probability ($\gtrsim 60 - 99\%$) of being gravitationally bound to the X-ray binary. This publication seeks to establish a preliminary catalog for future analyses of proper motion and subsequent observations. With our preliminary results, we calculate the first estimate of the companion frequency and the multiplicity frequency for X-ray binaries: $\approx$0.6 and 1.8 $\pm$ 0.9 respectively, considering only the sources that are most likely bound to the X-ray binary. In addition to extending our comprehension of how brown dwarfs and stars can form and survive in such extreme systems, our study opens a new window to our understanding of the formation of X-ray binaries. |
| title | The First High-Contrast Images of Near High-Mass X-Ray Binaries with Keck/NIRC2 |
| topic | Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Earth and Planetary Astrophysics High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.15845 |