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author Gallone, Guglielmo
Iodice, Francesco
Presta, Alberto
Tore, Davide
de Filippo, Ovidio
Visciano, Michele
Barbano, Carlo Alberto
Serafini, Alessandro
Gorrini, Paola
Bruno, Alessandro
Marra, Walter Grosso
Hughes, James
Iannaccone, Mario
Fonio, Paolo
Fiandrotti, Attilio
Depaoli, Alessandro
Grangetto, Marco
de Ferrari, Gaetano Maria
D'Ascenzo, Fabrizio
author_facet Gallone, Guglielmo
Iodice, Francesco
Presta, Alberto
Tore, Davide
de Filippo, Ovidio
Visciano, Michele
Barbano, Carlo Alberto
Serafini, Alessandro
Gorrini, Paola
Bruno, Alessandro
Marra, Walter Grosso
Hughes, James
Iannaccone, Mario
Fonio, Paolo
Fiandrotti, Attilio
Depaoli, Alessandro
Grangetto, Marco
de Ferrari, Gaetano Maria
D'Ascenzo, Fabrizio
contents Aims. To develop a deep-learning based system for recognition of subclinical atherosclerosis on a plain frontal chest x-ray. Methods and Results. A deep-learning algorithm to predict coronary artery calcium (CAC) score (the AI-CAC model) was developed on 460 chest x-ray (80% training cohort, 20% internal validation cohort) of primary prevention patients (58.4% male, median age 63 [51-74] years) with available paired chest x-ray and chest computed tomography (CT) indicated for any clinical reason and performed within 3 months. The CAC score calculated on chest CT was used as ground truth. The model was validated on an temporally-independent cohort of 90 patients from the same institution (external validation). The diagnostic accuracy of the AI-CAC model assessed by the area under the curve (AUC) was the primary outcome. Overall, median AI-CAC score was 35 (0-388) and 28.9% patients had no AI-CAC. AUC of the AI-CAC model to identify a CAC>0 was 0.90 in the internal validation cohort and 0.77 in the external validation cohort. Sensitivity was consistently above 92% in both cohorts. In the overall cohort (n=540), among patients with AI-CAC=0, a single ASCVD event occurred, after 4.3 years. Patients with AI-CAC>0 had significantly higher Kaplan Meier estimates for ASCVD events (13.5% vs. 3.4%, log-rank=0.013). Conclusion. The AI-CAC model seems to accurately detect subclinical atherosclerosis on chest x-ray with elevated sensitivity, and to predict ASCVD events with elevated negative predictive value. Adoption of the AI-CAC model to refine CV risk stratification or as an opportunistic screening tool requires prospective evaluation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2403_18756
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Detection of subclinical atherosclerosis by image-based deep learning on chest x-ray
Gallone, Guglielmo
Iodice, Francesco
Presta, Alberto
Tore, Davide
de Filippo, Ovidio
Visciano, Michele
Barbano, Carlo Alberto
Serafini, Alessandro
Gorrini, Paola
Bruno, Alessandro
Marra, Walter Grosso
Hughes, James
Iannaccone, Mario
Fonio, Paolo
Fiandrotti, Attilio
Depaoli, Alessandro
Grangetto, Marco
de Ferrari, Gaetano Maria
D'Ascenzo, Fabrizio
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
Aims. To develop a deep-learning based system for recognition of subclinical atherosclerosis on a plain frontal chest x-ray. Methods and Results. A deep-learning algorithm to predict coronary artery calcium (CAC) score (the AI-CAC model) was developed on 460 chest x-ray (80% training cohort, 20% internal validation cohort) of primary prevention patients (58.4% male, median age 63 [51-74] years) with available paired chest x-ray and chest computed tomography (CT) indicated for any clinical reason and performed within 3 months. The CAC score calculated on chest CT was used as ground truth. The model was validated on an temporally-independent cohort of 90 patients from the same institution (external validation). The diagnostic accuracy of the AI-CAC model assessed by the area under the curve (AUC) was the primary outcome. Overall, median AI-CAC score was 35 (0-388) and 28.9% patients had no AI-CAC. AUC of the AI-CAC model to identify a CAC>0 was 0.90 in the internal validation cohort and 0.77 in the external validation cohort. Sensitivity was consistently above 92% in both cohorts. In the overall cohort (n=540), among patients with AI-CAC=0, a single ASCVD event occurred, after 4.3 years. Patients with AI-CAC>0 had significantly higher Kaplan Meier estimates for ASCVD events (13.5% vs. 3.4%, log-rank=0.013). Conclusion. The AI-CAC model seems to accurately detect subclinical atherosclerosis on chest x-ray with elevated sensitivity, and to predict ASCVD events with elevated negative predictive value. Adoption of the AI-CAC model to refine CV risk stratification or as an opportunistic screening tool requires prospective evaluation.
title Detection of subclinical atherosclerosis by image-based deep learning on chest x-ray
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.18756