Safety-Critical Planning and Control for Dynamic Obstacle Avoidance Using Control Barrier Functions

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Liu, Shuo, Mao, Yihui, Belta, Calin A.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Liu, Shuo
Mao, Yihui
Belta, Calin A.
author_facet Liu, Shuo
Mao, Yihui
Belta, Calin A.
contents Dynamic obstacle avoidance is a challenging topic for optimal control and optimization-based trajectory planning problems. Many existing works use Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) to enforce safety constraints for control systems. CBFs are typically formulated based on the distance to obstacles, or integrated with path planning algorithms as a safety enhancement tool. However, these approaches usually require knowledge of the obstacle boundary equations or have very slow computational efficiency. In this paper, we propose a framework based on model predictive control (MPC) with discrete-time high-order CBFs (DHOCBFs) to generate a collision-free trajectory. The DHOCBFs are first obtained from convex polytopes generated through grid mapping, without the need to know the boundary equations of obstacles. Additionally, a path planning algorithm is incorporated into this framework to ensure the global optimality of the generated trajectory. We demonstrate through numerical examples that our framework allows a unicycle robot to safely and efficiently navigate tight, dynamically changing environments with both convex and nonconvex obstacles. By comparing our method to established CBF-based benchmarks, we demonstrate superior computing efficiency, length optimality, and feasibility in trajectory generation and obstacle avoidance.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2403_19122
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Safety-Critical Planning and Control for Dynamic Obstacle Avoidance Using Control Barrier Functions
Liu, Shuo
Mao, Yihui
Belta, Calin A.
Robotics
Optimization and Control
Dynamic obstacle avoidance is a challenging topic for optimal control and optimization-based trajectory planning problems. Many existing works use Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) to enforce safety constraints for control systems. CBFs are typically formulated based on the distance to obstacles, or integrated with path planning algorithms as a safety enhancement tool. However, these approaches usually require knowledge of the obstacle boundary equations or have very slow computational efficiency. In this paper, we propose a framework based on model predictive control (MPC) with discrete-time high-order CBFs (DHOCBFs) to generate a collision-free trajectory. The DHOCBFs are first obtained from convex polytopes generated through grid mapping, without the need to know the boundary equations of obstacles. Additionally, a path planning algorithm is incorporated into this framework to ensure the global optimality of the generated trajectory. We demonstrate through numerical examples that our framework allows a unicycle robot to safely and efficiently navigate tight, dynamically changing environments with both convex and nonconvex obstacles. By comparing our method to established CBF-based benchmarks, we demonstrate superior computing efficiency, length optimality, and feasibility in trajectory generation and obstacle avoidance.
title Safety-Critical Planning and Control for Dynamic Obstacle Avoidance Using Control Barrier Functions
topic Robotics
Optimization and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.19122