Shaving Logs via Large Sieve Inequality: Faster Algorithms for Sparse Convolution and More

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Jin, Ce, Xu, Yinzhan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Jin, Ce
Xu, Yinzhan
author_facet Jin, Ce
Xu, Yinzhan
contents In sparse convolution-type problems, a common technique is to hash the input integers modulo a random prime $p\in [Q/2,Q]$ for some parameter $Q$, which reduces the range of the input integers while preserving their additive structure. However, this hash family suffers from two drawbacks, which led to bottlenecks in many state-of-the-art algorithms: (1) The collision probability of two elements from $[N]$ is $O(\frac{\log N}{Q})$ rather than $O(\frac{1}{Q})$; (2) It is difficult to derandomize the choice of $p$; known derandomization techniques lead to super-logarithmic overhead [Chan, Lewenstein STOC'15]. In this paper, we partially overcome these drawbacks in certain scenarios, via novel applications of the large sieve inequality from analytic number theory. Consequently, we obtain the following improved algorithms for various problems (in the standard word RAM model): Sparse Nonnegative Convolution: We obtain an $O(t\log t)$-time Las Vegas algorithm that computes the convolution $A\star B$ of two nonnegative integer vectors $A,B$, where $t$ is the output sparsity $\|A\star B\|_0$. Moreover, our algorithm terminates in $O(t\log t)$ time with $1-1/\mathrm{poly}(t)$ probability. Text-to-Pattern Hamming Distances: Given a length-$m$ pattern $P$ and a length-$n$ text $T$, we obtain a deterministic $O(n\sqrt{m\log \log m})$-time algorithm that exactly computes the Hamming distance between $P$ and every length-$m$ substring of $T$. Sparse General Convolution: We also give a Monte Carlo $O(t\log t)$ time algorithm for sparse convolution with possibly negative input in the restricted case where the length $N$ of the input vectors satisfies $N\le t^{1.99}$.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2403_20326
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Shaving Logs via Large Sieve Inequality: Faster Algorithms for Sparse Convolution and More
Jin, Ce
Xu, Yinzhan
Data Structures and Algorithms
In sparse convolution-type problems, a common technique is to hash the input integers modulo a random prime $p\in [Q/2,Q]$ for some parameter $Q$, which reduces the range of the input integers while preserving their additive structure. However, this hash family suffers from two drawbacks, which led to bottlenecks in many state-of-the-art algorithms: (1) The collision probability of two elements from $[N]$ is $O(\frac{\log N}{Q})$ rather than $O(\frac{1}{Q})$; (2) It is difficult to derandomize the choice of $p$; known derandomization techniques lead to super-logarithmic overhead [Chan, Lewenstein STOC'15]. In this paper, we partially overcome these drawbacks in certain scenarios, via novel applications of the large sieve inequality from analytic number theory. Consequently, we obtain the following improved algorithms for various problems (in the standard word RAM model): Sparse Nonnegative Convolution: We obtain an $O(t\log t)$-time Las Vegas algorithm that computes the convolution $A\star B$ of two nonnegative integer vectors $A,B$, where $t$ is the output sparsity $\|A\star B\|_0$. Moreover, our algorithm terminates in $O(t\log t)$ time with $1-1/\mathrm{poly}(t)$ probability. Text-to-Pattern Hamming Distances: Given a length-$m$ pattern $P$ and a length-$n$ text $T$, we obtain a deterministic $O(n\sqrt{m\log \log m})$-time algorithm that exactly computes the Hamming distance between $P$ and every length-$m$ substring of $T$. Sparse General Convolution: We also give a Monte Carlo $O(t\log t)$ time algorithm for sparse convolution with possibly negative input in the restricted case where the length $N$ of the input vectors satisfies $N\le t^{1.99}$.
title Shaving Logs via Large Sieve Inequality: Faster Algorithms for Sparse Convolution and More
topic Data Structures and Algorithms
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.20326