Efficient ultra-broadband low-resolution astrophotonic spectrographs
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2024
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| author | Gatkine, Pradip Sercel, Greg Jovanovic, Nemanja Broeke, Ronald Lawniczuk, Katarzyna Passoni, Marco Balakrishnan, Ashok Bidnyk, Serge Yin, Jielong Jewell, Jeffrey Wallace, J. Kent Mawet, Dimitri |
| author_facet | Gatkine, Pradip Sercel, Greg Jovanovic, Nemanja Broeke, Ronald Lawniczuk, Katarzyna Passoni, Marco Balakrishnan, Ashok Bidnyk, Serge Yin, Jielong Jewell, Jeffrey Wallace, J. Kent Mawet, Dimitri |
| contents | Broadband low-resolution near-infrared spectrographs in a compact form are crucial for ground- and space-based astronomy and other fields of sensing. Astronomical spectroscopy poses stringent requirements including high efficiency, broad band operation ($>$ 300 nm), and in some cases, polarization insensitivity. We present and compare experimental results from the design, fabrication, and characterization of broadband (1200 - 1650 nm) arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) spectrographs built using the two most promising low-loss platforms - Si$_3$N$_4$ (rectangular waveguides) and doped-SiO$_2$ (square waveguides). These AWGs have a resolving power ($λ/Δλ$) of ~200, a free spectral range of ~ 200-350 nm, and a small footprint of ~ 50-100 mm$^2$. The peak overall (fiber-chip-fiber) efficiency of the doped-SiO$_2$ AWG was ~ 79\% (1 dB), and it exhibited a negligible polarization-dependent shift compared to the channel spacing. For Si$_3$N$_4$ AWGs, the peak overall efficiency in TE mode was ~ 50\% (3 dB), and the main loss component was found to be fiber-to-chip coupling losses. These broadband AWGs are key to enabling compact integrations such as multi-object spectrographs or dispersion back-ends for other astrophotonic devices such as photonic lanterns or nulling interferometers. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2404_02376 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Efficient ultra-broadband low-resolution astrophotonic spectrographs Gatkine, Pradip Sercel, Greg Jovanovic, Nemanja Broeke, Ronald Lawniczuk, Katarzyna Passoni, Marco Balakrishnan, Ashok Bidnyk, Serge Yin, Jielong Jewell, Jeffrey Wallace, J. Kent Mawet, Dimitri Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Instrumentation and Detectors Optics Broadband low-resolution near-infrared spectrographs in a compact form are crucial for ground- and space-based astronomy and other fields of sensing. Astronomical spectroscopy poses stringent requirements including high efficiency, broad band operation ($>$ 300 nm), and in some cases, polarization insensitivity. We present and compare experimental results from the design, fabrication, and characterization of broadband (1200 - 1650 nm) arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) spectrographs built using the two most promising low-loss platforms - Si$_3$N$_4$ (rectangular waveguides) and doped-SiO$_2$ (square waveguides). These AWGs have a resolving power ($λ/Δλ$) of ~200, a free spectral range of ~ 200-350 nm, and a small footprint of ~ 50-100 mm$^2$. The peak overall (fiber-chip-fiber) efficiency of the doped-SiO$_2$ AWG was ~ 79\% (1 dB), and it exhibited a negligible polarization-dependent shift compared to the channel spacing. For Si$_3$N$_4$ AWGs, the peak overall efficiency in TE mode was ~ 50\% (3 dB), and the main loss component was found to be fiber-to-chip coupling losses. These broadband AWGs are key to enabling compact integrations such as multi-object spectrographs or dispersion back-ends for other astrophotonic devices such as photonic lanterns or nulling interferometers. |
| title | Efficient ultra-broadband low-resolution astrophotonic spectrographs |
| topic | Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Instrumentation and Detectors Optics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.02376 |