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Main Authors: Broussard, Wynter, Schwieterman, Edward W., Ranjan, Sukrit, Sousa-Silva, Clara, Fateev, Alexander, Reinhard, Christopher T.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.03031
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author Broussard, Wynter
Schwieterman, Edward W.
Ranjan, Sukrit
Sousa-Silva, Clara
Fateev, Alexander
Reinhard, Christopher T.
author_facet Broussard, Wynter
Schwieterman, Edward W.
Ranjan, Sukrit
Sousa-Silva, Clara
Fateev, Alexander
Reinhard, Christopher T.
contents JWST has created a new era of terrestrial exoplanet atmospheric characterization, and with it the possibility to detect potential biosignature gases like CH$_{4}$. Our interpretation of exoplanet atmospheric spectra, and the veracity of these interpretations, will be limited by our understanding of atmospheric processes and the accuracy of input modeling data. Molecular cross-sections are essential inputs to these models. The photochemistry of temperate planets depends on photolysis reactions whose rates are governed by the dissociation cross-sections of key molecules. H$_{2}$O is one such molecule; the photolysis of H$_{2}$O produces OH, a highly reactive and efficient sink for atmospheric trace gases. We investigate the photochemical effects of improved H$_{2}$O cross-sections on anoxic terrestrial planets as a function of host star spectral type (FGKM) and CH$_{4}$ surface flux. Our results show that updated H$_{2}$O cross-sections, extended to wavelengths $>$200 nm, substantially impact the predicted abundances of trace gases destroyed by OH. The differences for anoxic terrestrial planets orbiting Sun-like host stars are greatest, showing changes of up to three orders of magnitude in surface CO levels, and over an order of magnitude in surface CH$_{4}$ levels. These differences lead to observable changes in simulated planetary spectra, especially important in the context of future direct-imaging missions. In contrast, the atmospheres of planets orbiting M-dwarf stars are substantially less affected. Our results demonstrate a pressing need for refined dissociation cross-section data for H$_{2}$O, where uncertainties remain, and other key molecules, especially at mid-UV wavelengths $>$200 nm.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2404_03031
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Impact of Extended H$_{2}$O Cross-Sections on Temperate Anoxic Planet Atmospheres: Implications for Spectral Characterization of Habitable Worlds
Broussard, Wynter
Schwieterman, Edward W.
Ranjan, Sukrit
Sousa-Silva, Clara
Fateev, Alexander
Reinhard, Christopher T.
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
JWST has created a new era of terrestrial exoplanet atmospheric characterization, and with it the possibility to detect potential biosignature gases like CH$_{4}$. Our interpretation of exoplanet atmospheric spectra, and the veracity of these interpretations, will be limited by our understanding of atmospheric processes and the accuracy of input modeling data. Molecular cross-sections are essential inputs to these models. The photochemistry of temperate planets depends on photolysis reactions whose rates are governed by the dissociation cross-sections of key molecules. H$_{2}$O is one such molecule; the photolysis of H$_{2}$O produces OH, a highly reactive and efficient sink for atmospheric trace gases. We investigate the photochemical effects of improved H$_{2}$O cross-sections on anoxic terrestrial planets as a function of host star spectral type (FGKM) and CH$_{4}$ surface flux. Our results show that updated H$_{2}$O cross-sections, extended to wavelengths $>$200 nm, substantially impact the predicted abundances of trace gases destroyed by OH. The differences for anoxic terrestrial planets orbiting Sun-like host stars are greatest, showing changes of up to three orders of magnitude in surface CO levels, and over an order of magnitude in surface CH$_{4}$ levels. These differences lead to observable changes in simulated planetary spectra, especially important in the context of future direct-imaging missions. In contrast, the atmospheres of planets orbiting M-dwarf stars are substantially less affected. Our results demonstrate a pressing need for refined dissociation cross-section data for H$_{2}$O, where uncertainties remain, and other key molecules, especially at mid-UV wavelengths $>$200 nm.
title The Impact of Extended H$_{2}$O Cross-Sections on Temperate Anoxic Planet Atmospheres: Implications for Spectral Characterization of Habitable Worlds
topic Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.03031