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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2024
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.03053 |
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Table of Contents:
- Properties such as the radius, charge and energy of ${U}(1)$ gauged Q-balls are analytically complicated to characterize. A mapping relation is known between the ground state of gauged Q-balls and global Q-balls that reduces the complexity of the analysis of the ground state of gauged Q-balls. Extending the map to excited states is a powerful tool to determine the properties of the rest of gauged Q-ball solution space. In this article we explore the mapping relation extension to characterize numerically and analytically excited gauged Q-balls solutions and their properties. A feature of excited gauged Q-balls is acquiring a maximum number excited states and having a maximal size, which we analytically predict via the mapping relation. We show that analytical approximations of the charge and energy, in the thin-wall limit, can be extended to excited gauged Q-balls and discuss the types of instabilities of these states.