Repeating partial disruptions and two-body relaxation
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2024
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| author | Broggi, Luca Stone, Nicholas C. Ryu, Taeho Bortolas, Elisa Dotti, Massimo Bonetti, Matteo Sesana, Alberto |
| author_facet | Broggi, Luca Stone, Nicholas C. Ryu, Taeho Bortolas, Elisa Dotti, Massimo Bonetti, Matteo Sesana, Alberto |
| contents | Two-body relaxation may drive stars onto near-radial orbits around a massive black hole, resulting in a tidal disruption event (TDE). In some circumstances, stars are unlikely to undergo a single terminal disruption, but rather to have a sequence of many grazing encounters with the black hole. It has long been unclear what is the physical outcome of this sequence: each of these encounters can only liberate a small amount of stellar mass, but may significantly alter the orbit of the star. We study the phenomenon of repeating partial tidal disruptions (pTDEs) by building a semi-analytical model that accounts for mass loss and tidal excitation. In the empty loss cone regime, where two-body relaxation is weak, we estimate the number of consecutive partial disruptions that a star can undergo, on average, before being significantly affected by two-body encounters. We find that in this empty loss cone regime, a star will be destroyed in a sequence of weak pTDEs, possibly explaining the tension between the low observed TDE rate and its higher theoretical estimates. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2404_05786 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Repeating partial disruptions and two-body relaxation Broggi, Luca Stone, Nicholas C. Ryu, Taeho Bortolas, Elisa Dotti, Massimo Bonetti, Matteo Sesana, Alberto High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Astrophysics of Galaxies Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Two-body relaxation may drive stars onto near-radial orbits around a massive black hole, resulting in a tidal disruption event (TDE). In some circumstances, stars are unlikely to undergo a single terminal disruption, but rather to have a sequence of many grazing encounters with the black hole. It has long been unclear what is the physical outcome of this sequence: each of these encounters can only liberate a small amount of stellar mass, but may significantly alter the orbit of the star. We study the phenomenon of repeating partial tidal disruptions (pTDEs) by building a semi-analytical model that accounts for mass loss and tidal excitation. In the empty loss cone regime, where two-body relaxation is weak, we estimate the number of consecutive partial disruptions that a star can undergo, on average, before being significantly affected by two-body encounters. We find that in this empty loss cone regime, a star will be destroyed in a sequence of weak pTDEs, possibly explaining the tension between the low observed TDE rate and its higher theoretical estimates. |
| title | Repeating partial disruptions and two-body relaxation |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Astrophysics of Galaxies Solar and Stellar Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.05786 |