Reflectance Estimation for Proximity Sensing by Vision-Language Models: Utilizing Distributional Semantics for Low-Level Cognition in Robotics

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Osada, Masashi, Ricardez, Gustavo A. Garcia, Suzuki, Yosuke, Taniguchi, Tadahiro
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Osada, Masashi
Ricardez, Gustavo A. Garcia
Suzuki, Yosuke
Taniguchi, Tadahiro
author_facet Osada, Masashi
Ricardez, Gustavo A. Garcia
Suzuki, Yosuke
Taniguchi, Tadahiro
contents Large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs) have been increasingly used in robotics for high-level cognition, but their use for low-level cognition, such as interpreting sensor information, remains underexplored. In robotic grasping, estimating the reflectance of objects is crucial for successful grasping, as it significantly impacts the distance measured by proximity sensors. We investigate whether LLMs can estimate reflectance from object names alone, leveraging the embedded human knowledge in distributional semantics, and if the latent structure of language in VLMs positively affects image-based reflectance estimation. In this paper, we verify that 1) LLMs such as GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 can estimate an object's reflectance using only text as input; and 2) VLMs such as CLIP can increase their generalization capabilities in reflectance estimation from images. Our experiments show that GPT-4 can estimate an object's reflectance using only text input with a mean error of 14.7%, lower than the image-only ResNet. Moreover, CLIP achieved the lowest mean error of 11.8%, while GPT-3.5 obtained a competitive 19.9% compared to ResNet's 17.8%. These results suggest that the distributional semantics in LLMs and VLMs increases their generalization capabilities, and the knowledge acquired by VLMs benefits from the latent structure of language.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2404_07717
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Reflectance Estimation for Proximity Sensing by Vision-Language Models: Utilizing Distributional Semantics for Low-Level Cognition in Robotics
Osada, Masashi
Ricardez, Gustavo A. Garcia
Suzuki, Yosuke
Taniguchi, Tadahiro
Robotics
Large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs) have been increasingly used in robotics for high-level cognition, but their use for low-level cognition, such as interpreting sensor information, remains underexplored. In robotic grasping, estimating the reflectance of objects is crucial for successful grasping, as it significantly impacts the distance measured by proximity sensors. We investigate whether LLMs can estimate reflectance from object names alone, leveraging the embedded human knowledge in distributional semantics, and if the latent structure of language in VLMs positively affects image-based reflectance estimation. In this paper, we verify that 1) LLMs such as GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 can estimate an object's reflectance using only text as input; and 2) VLMs such as CLIP can increase their generalization capabilities in reflectance estimation from images. Our experiments show that GPT-4 can estimate an object's reflectance using only text input with a mean error of 14.7%, lower than the image-only ResNet. Moreover, CLIP achieved the lowest mean error of 11.8%, while GPT-3.5 obtained a competitive 19.9% compared to ResNet's 17.8%. These results suggest that the distributional semantics in LLMs and VLMs increases their generalization capabilities, and the knowledge acquired by VLMs benefits from the latent structure of language.
title Reflectance Estimation for Proximity Sensing by Vision-Language Models: Utilizing Distributional Semantics for Low-Level Cognition in Robotics
topic Robotics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.07717