Evidence for eccentricity in the population of binary black holes observed by LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2024
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| _version_ | 1866913089665892352 |
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| author | Gupte, Nihar Ramos-Buades, Antoni Buonanno, Alessandra Gair, Jonathan Miller, M. Coleman Dax, Maximilian Green, Stephen R. Pürrer, Michael Wildberger, Jonas Macke, Jakob Romero-Shaw, Isobel M. Schölkopf, Bernhard |
| author_facet | Gupte, Nihar Ramos-Buades, Antoni Buonanno, Alessandra Gair, Jonathan Miller, M. Coleman Dax, Maximilian Green, Stephen R. Pürrer, Michael Wildberger, Jonas Macke, Jakob Romero-Shaw, Isobel M. Schölkopf, Bernhard |
| contents | Binary black holes (BBHs) in eccentric orbits produce distinct modulations in gravitational waves (GWs); measuring orbital eccentricity provides evidence for dynamical binary formation channels. We analyze 57 GW events from the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) O1-O3 observing runs using a multipolar aligned-spin inspiral-merger-ringdown waveform with two eccentric parameters: eccentricity and relativistic anomaly (assuming a quasi-circular merger-ringdown), made computationally feasible by the machine-learning code \texttt{DINGO}, which accelerates inference by 2-3 orders of magnitude. First, with a uniform eccentricity prior, eccentric vs. quasi-circular aligned-spin $\log_{10}$ Bayes factors are 1.84-4.75 (depending on glitch mitigation) for GW200129, 3.0 for GW190701 and 1.77 for GW200208_22. We infer $e_{\text{gw, 10Hz}}$ $(e_{\text{gw, 20Hz}})$ to be $0.27_{-0.12}^{+0.10}$ ($0.16_{-0.05}^{+0.04}$) to $0.17_{-0.13}^{+0.14}$ ($0.1_{-0.04}^{+0.05}$) for GW200129, $0.54_{-0.30}^{+0.12}$ ($0.31_{-0.13}^{+0.12}$) for GW190701 and $0.39_{-0.23}^{+0.23}$ ($0.21_{-0.08}^{+0.08}$) for GW200208_22. Second, eccentric aligned-spin vs. quasi-circular precessing-spin $\log_{10}$ Bayes factors are 1.43-4.92 for GW200129, 2.61 for GW190701 and 1.23 for GW200208_22. Third, GW190521 shows no evidence for eccentricity ($\log_{10}$ Bayes factor 0.04). Fourth, neglecting spin-precession with an astrophysically-motivated prior on the eccentric BBH rate, the probability of one of the 57 events being eccentric exceeds 99.5\% or $(100-8.4\times10^{-4})$\% (depending on glitch mitigation). Fifth, we study parameter estimation impacts of neglecting eccentricity in quasi-circular models or higher modes in eccentric models. These results underscore the inclusion of eccentric parameters in BBH characterization for upcoming LVK runs and future ground- and space-based detectors probing more diverse BBH populations. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2404_14286 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Evidence for eccentricity in the population of binary black holes observed by LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Gupte, Nihar Ramos-Buades, Antoni Buonanno, Alessandra Gair, Jonathan Miller, M. Coleman Dax, Maximilian Green, Stephen R. Pürrer, Michael Wildberger, Jonas Macke, Jakob Romero-Shaw, Isobel M. Schölkopf, Bernhard General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Binary black holes (BBHs) in eccentric orbits produce distinct modulations in gravitational waves (GWs); measuring orbital eccentricity provides evidence for dynamical binary formation channels. We analyze 57 GW events from the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) O1-O3 observing runs using a multipolar aligned-spin inspiral-merger-ringdown waveform with two eccentric parameters: eccentricity and relativistic anomaly (assuming a quasi-circular merger-ringdown), made computationally feasible by the machine-learning code \texttt{DINGO}, which accelerates inference by 2-3 orders of magnitude. First, with a uniform eccentricity prior, eccentric vs. quasi-circular aligned-spin $\log_{10}$ Bayes factors are 1.84-4.75 (depending on glitch mitigation) for GW200129, 3.0 for GW190701 and 1.77 for GW200208_22. We infer $e_{\text{gw, 10Hz}}$ $(e_{\text{gw, 20Hz}})$ to be $0.27_{-0.12}^{+0.10}$ ($0.16_{-0.05}^{+0.04}$) to $0.17_{-0.13}^{+0.14}$ ($0.1_{-0.04}^{+0.05}$) for GW200129, $0.54_{-0.30}^{+0.12}$ ($0.31_{-0.13}^{+0.12}$) for GW190701 and $0.39_{-0.23}^{+0.23}$ ($0.21_{-0.08}^{+0.08}$) for GW200208_22. Second, eccentric aligned-spin vs. quasi-circular precessing-spin $\log_{10}$ Bayes factors are 1.43-4.92 for GW200129, 2.61 for GW190701 and 1.23 for GW200208_22. Third, GW190521 shows no evidence for eccentricity ($\log_{10}$ Bayes factor 0.04). Fourth, neglecting spin-precession with an astrophysically-motivated prior on the eccentric BBH rate, the probability of one of the 57 events being eccentric exceeds 99.5\% or $(100-8.4\times10^{-4})$\% (depending on glitch mitigation). Fifth, we study parameter estimation impacts of neglecting eccentricity in quasi-circular models or higher modes in eccentric models. These results underscore the inclusion of eccentric parameters in BBH characterization for upcoming LVK runs and future ground- and space-based detectors probing more diverse BBH populations. |
| title | Evidence for eccentricity in the population of binary black holes observed by LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA |
| topic | General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.14286 |