The Gravity Collective: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Electromagnetic Search for the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW190425
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2024
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| author | Coulter, D. A. Kilpatrick, C. D. Jones, D. O. Foley, R. J. Filippenko, A. V. Zheng, W. Swift, J. J. Rahman, G. S. Stacey, H. E. Piro, A. L. Rojas-Bravo, C. Vilchez, J. Anais Muñoz-Elgueta, N. Arcavi, I. Dimitriadis, G. Siebert, M. R. Bloom, J. S. Bustamante-Rosell, M. J. Clever, K. E. Davis, K. W. Kutcka, J. Macias, P. McGill, P. Quiñonez, P. J. Ramirez-Ruiz, E. Siellez, K. Tinyanont, S. Cenko, S. B. Drout, M. R. Hausen, R. Jacobson-Galán, W. V. Howell, D. Andrew Kasen, D. McCully, C. Rest, A. Taggart, K. Valenti, S. |
| author_facet | Coulter, D. A. Kilpatrick, C. D. Jones, D. O. Foley, R. J. Filippenko, A. V. Zheng, W. Swift, J. J. Rahman, G. S. Stacey, H. E. Piro, A. L. Rojas-Bravo, C. Vilchez, J. Anais Muñoz-Elgueta, N. Arcavi, I. Dimitriadis, G. Siebert, M. R. Bloom, J. S. Bustamante-Rosell, M. J. Clever, K. E. Davis, K. W. Kutcka, J. Macias, P. McGill, P. Quiñonez, P. J. Ramirez-Ruiz, E. Siellez, K. Tinyanont, S. Cenko, S. B. Drout, M. R. Hausen, R. Jacobson-Galán, W. V. Howell, D. Andrew Kasen, D. McCully, C. Rest, A. Taggart, K. Valenti, S. |
| contents | We present an ultraviolet-to-infrared search for the electromagnetic (EM) counterpart to GW190425, the second-ever binary neutron star (BNS) merger discovered by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration (LVK). GW190425 was more distant and had a larger localization area than GW170817, therefore we use a new tool teglon to redistribute the GW190425 localization probability in the context of galaxy catalogs within the final localization volume. We derive a 90th percentile area of 6,688 deg$^{2}$, a $\sim$1.5$\times$ improvement relative to the LIGO/Virgo map, and show how teglon provides an order of magnitude boost to the search efficiency of small ($\leq$1 deg$^{2}$) field-of-view instruments. We combine our data with all publicly reported imaging data, covering 9,078.59 deg$^2$ of unique area and 48.13% of the LIGO/Virgo-assigned localization probability, to calculate the most comprehensive kilonova, short gamma-ray burst (sGRB) afterglow, and model-independent constraints on the EM emission from a hypothetical counterpart to GW190425 to date under the assumption that no counterpart was found in these data. If the counterpart were similar to AT 2017gfo, there was a 28.4% chance that it would have been detected in the combined dataset. We are relatively insensitive to an on-axis sGRB, and rule out a generic transient with a similar peak luminosity and decline rate as AT 2017gfo to 30% confidence. Finally, across our new imaging and all publicly-reported data, we find 28 candidate optical counterparts that we cannot rule out as being associated with GW190425, finding that 4 such counterparts discovered within the localization volume and within 5 days of merger exhibit luminosities consistent with a kilonova. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2404_15441 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The Gravity Collective: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Electromagnetic Search for the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW190425 Coulter, D. A. Kilpatrick, C. D. Jones, D. O. Foley, R. J. Filippenko, A. V. Zheng, W. Swift, J. J. Rahman, G. S. Stacey, H. E. Piro, A. L. Rojas-Bravo, C. Vilchez, J. Anais Muñoz-Elgueta, N. Arcavi, I. Dimitriadis, G. Siebert, M. R. Bloom, J. S. Bustamante-Rosell, M. J. Clever, K. E. Davis, K. W. Kutcka, J. Macias, P. McGill, P. Quiñonez, P. J. Ramirez-Ruiz, E. Siellez, K. Tinyanont, S. Cenko, S. B. Drout, M. R. Hausen, R. Jacobson-Galán, W. V. Howell, D. Andrew Kasen, D. McCully, C. Rest, A. Taggart, K. Valenti, S. High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Solar and Stellar Astrophysics We present an ultraviolet-to-infrared search for the electromagnetic (EM) counterpart to GW190425, the second-ever binary neutron star (BNS) merger discovered by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration (LVK). GW190425 was more distant and had a larger localization area than GW170817, therefore we use a new tool teglon to redistribute the GW190425 localization probability in the context of galaxy catalogs within the final localization volume. We derive a 90th percentile area of 6,688 deg$^{2}$, a $\sim$1.5$\times$ improvement relative to the LIGO/Virgo map, and show how teglon provides an order of magnitude boost to the search efficiency of small ($\leq$1 deg$^{2}$) field-of-view instruments. We combine our data with all publicly reported imaging data, covering 9,078.59 deg$^2$ of unique area and 48.13% of the LIGO/Virgo-assigned localization probability, to calculate the most comprehensive kilonova, short gamma-ray burst (sGRB) afterglow, and model-independent constraints on the EM emission from a hypothetical counterpart to GW190425 to date under the assumption that no counterpart was found in these data. If the counterpart were similar to AT 2017gfo, there was a 28.4% chance that it would have been detected in the combined dataset. We are relatively insensitive to an on-axis sGRB, and rule out a generic transient with a similar peak luminosity and decline rate as AT 2017gfo to 30% confidence. Finally, across our new imaging and all publicly-reported data, we find 28 candidate optical counterparts that we cannot rule out as being associated with GW190425, finding that 4 such counterparts discovered within the localization volume and within 5 days of merger exhibit luminosities consistent with a kilonova. |
| title | The Gravity Collective: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Electromagnetic Search for the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW190425 |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Solar and Stellar Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.15441 |