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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2024
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.16941 |
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| _version_ | 1866911854081605632 |
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| author | Hadden, Sam |
| author_facet | Hadden, Sam |
| contents | We describe a method for calculating action-angle variables in axisymmetric galactic potentials using Birkhoff normalization, a technique from Hamiltonian perturbation theory. An advantageous feature of this method is that it yields explicit series expressions for both the forward and inverse transformations between the action-angle variables and position-velocity data. It also provides explicit expressions for the Hamiltonian and dynamical frequencies as functions of the action variables. We test this method by examining orbits in a Miyamoto-Nagai model potential and compare it to the popular Stäckel approximation method. When vertical actions are not too large, the Birkhoff normalization method achieves fractional errors smaller than a part in $10^{3}$ and outperforms the Stäckel approximation. We also show that the range over which Birkhoff normalization provides accurate results can be extended by constructing Padé approximants from the perturbative series expressions developed with the method. Numerical routines in Python for carrying out the Birkhoff normalization procedure are made available. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2404_16941 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Action-Angle Variables for Axisymmetric Potentials via Birkhoff Normalization Hadden, Sam Astrophysics of Galaxies We describe a method for calculating action-angle variables in axisymmetric galactic potentials using Birkhoff normalization, a technique from Hamiltonian perturbation theory. An advantageous feature of this method is that it yields explicit series expressions for both the forward and inverse transformations between the action-angle variables and position-velocity data. It also provides explicit expressions for the Hamiltonian and dynamical frequencies as functions of the action variables. We test this method by examining orbits in a Miyamoto-Nagai model potential and compare it to the popular Stäckel approximation method. When vertical actions are not too large, the Birkhoff normalization method achieves fractional errors smaller than a part in $10^{3}$ and outperforms the Stäckel approximation. We also show that the range over which Birkhoff normalization provides accurate results can be extended by constructing Padé approximants from the perturbative series expressions developed with the method. Numerical routines in Python for carrying out the Birkhoff normalization procedure are made available. |
| title | Action-Angle Variables for Axisymmetric Potentials via Birkhoff Normalization |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.16941 |