Canonical vs. Grand Canonical Ensemble for Bosonic Gases under Harmonic Confinement
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2024
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| _version_ | 1866911859397885952 |
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| author | Crisanti, Andrea Salasnich, Luca Sarracino, Alessandro Zannetti, Marco |
| author_facet | Crisanti, Andrea Salasnich, Luca Sarracino, Alessandro Zannetti, Marco |
| contents | We analyze the general relation between canonical and grand canonical ensembles in the thermodynamic limit. We begin our discussion by deriving, with an alternative approach, some standard results first obtained by Kac and coworkers in the late 1970s. Then, motivated by the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of trapped gases with a fixed number of atoms, which is well described by the canonical ensemble and by the recent groundbreaking experimental realization of BEC with photons in a dye-filled optical micro-cavity under genuine grand canonical conditions, we apply our formalism to a system of non-interacting Bose particles confined in a two-dimensional harmonic trap. We discuss in detail the mathematical origin of the inequivalence of ensembles observed in the condensed phase, giving place to the so-called grand canonical catastrophe of density fluctuations. We also provide explicit analytical expressions for the internal energy and specific heat and compare them with available experimental data. For these quantities, we show the equivalence of ensembles in the thermodynamic limit. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2404_17300 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Canonical vs. Grand Canonical Ensemble for Bosonic Gases under Harmonic Confinement Crisanti, Andrea Salasnich, Luca Sarracino, Alessandro Zannetti, Marco Statistical Mechanics Quantum Gases We analyze the general relation between canonical and grand canonical ensembles in the thermodynamic limit. We begin our discussion by deriving, with an alternative approach, some standard results first obtained by Kac and coworkers in the late 1970s. Then, motivated by the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of trapped gases with a fixed number of atoms, which is well described by the canonical ensemble and by the recent groundbreaking experimental realization of BEC with photons in a dye-filled optical micro-cavity under genuine grand canonical conditions, we apply our formalism to a system of non-interacting Bose particles confined in a two-dimensional harmonic trap. We discuss in detail the mathematical origin of the inequivalence of ensembles observed in the condensed phase, giving place to the so-called grand canonical catastrophe of density fluctuations. We also provide explicit analytical expressions for the internal energy and specific heat and compare them with available experimental data. For these quantities, we show the equivalence of ensembles in the thermodynamic limit. |
| title | Canonical vs. Grand Canonical Ensemble for Bosonic Gases under Harmonic Confinement |
| topic | Statistical Mechanics Quantum Gases |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.17300 |