Fault-tolerant compiling of classically hard IQP circuits on hypercubes

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Hangleiter, Dominik, Kalinowski, Marcin, Bluvstein, Dolev, Cain, Madelyn, Maskara, Nishad, Gao, Xun, Kubica, Aleksander, Lukin, Mikhail D., Gullans, Michael J.
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2024
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author Hangleiter, Dominik
Kalinowski, Marcin
Bluvstein, Dolev
Cain, Madelyn
Maskara, Nishad
Gao, Xun
Kubica, Aleksander
Lukin, Mikhail D.
Gullans, Michael J.
author_facet Hangleiter, Dominik
Kalinowski, Marcin
Bluvstein, Dolev
Cain, Madelyn
Maskara, Nishad
Gao, Xun
Kubica, Aleksander
Lukin, Mikhail D.
Gullans, Michael J.
contents Realizing computationally complex quantum circuits in the presence of noise and imperfections is a challenging task. While fault-tolerant quantum computing provides a route to reducing noise, it requires a large overhead for generic algorithms. Here, we develop and analyze a hardware-efficient, fault-tolerant approach to realizing complex sampling circuits. We co-design the circuits with the appropriate quantum error correcting codes for efficient implementation in a reconfigurable neutral atom array architecture, constituting what we call a fault-tolerant compilation of the sampling algorithm. Specifically, we consider a family of $[[2^D , D, 2]]$ quantum error detecting codes whose transversal and permutation gate set can realize arbitrary degree-$D$ instantaneous quantum polynomial (IQP) circuits. Using native operations of the code and the atom array hardware, we compile a fault-tolerant and fast-scrambling family of such IQP circuits in a hypercube geometry, realized recently in the experiments by Bluvstein et al. [Nature 626, 7997 (2024)]. We develop a theory of second-moment properties of degree-$D$ IQP circuits for analyzing hardness and verification of random sampling by mapping to a statistical mechanics model. We provide evidence that sampling from hypercube IQP circuits is classically hard to simulate and analyze the linear cross-entropy benchmark (XEB) in comparison to the average fidelity. To realize a fully scalable approach, we first show that Bell sampling from degree-$4$ IQP circuits is classically intractable and can be efficiently validated. We further devise new families of $[[O(d^D),D,d]]$ color codes of increasing distance $d$, permitting exponential error suppression for transversal IQP sampling. Our results highlight fault-tolerant compiling as a powerful tool in co-designing algorithms with specific error-correcting codes and realistic hardware.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2404_19005
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Fault-tolerant compiling of classically hard IQP circuits on hypercubes
Hangleiter, Dominik
Kalinowski, Marcin
Bluvstein, Dolev
Cain, Madelyn
Maskara, Nishad
Gao, Xun
Kubica, Aleksander
Lukin, Mikhail D.
Gullans, Michael J.
Quantum Physics
Quantum Gases
Statistical Mechanics
Computational Complexity
Atomic Physics
Realizing computationally complex quantum circuits in the presence of noise and imperfections is a challenging task. While fault-tolerant quantum computing provides a route to reducing noise, it requires a large overhead for generic algorithms. Here, we develop and analyze a hardware-efficient, fault-tolerant approach to realizing complex sampling circuits. We co-design the circuits with the appropriate quantum error correcting codes for efficient implementation in a reconfigurable neutral atom array architecture, constituting what we call a fault-tolerant compilation of the sampling algorithm. Specifically, we consider a family of $[[2^D , D, 2]]$ quantum error detecting codes whose transversal and permutation gate set can realize arbitrary degree-$D$ instantaneous quantum polynomial (IQP) circuits. Using native operations of the code and the atom array hardware, we compile a fault-tolerant and fast-scrambling family of such IQP circuits in a hypercube geometry, realized recently in the experiments by Bluvstein et al. [Nature 626, 7997 (2024)]. We develop a theory of second-moment properties of degree-$D$ IQP circuits for analyzing hardness and verification of random sampling by mapping to a statistical mechanics model. We provide evidence that sampling from hypercube IQP circuits is classically hard to simulate and analyze the linear cross-entropy benchmark (XEB) in comparison to the average fidelity. To realize a fully scalable approach, we first show that Bell sampling from degree-$4$ IQP circuits is classically intractable and can be efficiently validated. We further devise new families of $[[O(d^D),D,d]]$ color codes of increasing distance $d$, permitting exponential error suppression for transversal IQP sampling. Our results highlight fault-tolerant compiling as a powerful tool in co-designing algorithms with specific error-correcting codes and realistic hardware.
title Fault-tolerant compiling of classically hard IQP circuits on hypercubes
topic Quantum Physics
Quantum Gases
Statistical Mechanics
Computational Complexity
Atomic Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.19005