Bumpy Superluminous Supernovae Powered by a Magnetar-star Binary Engine

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Zhu, Jin-Ping, Liu, Liang-Duan, Yu, Yun-Wei, Mandel, Ilya, Hirai, Ryosuke, Zhang, Bing, Chen, Aming
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Zhu, Jin-Ping
Liu, Liang-Duan
Yu, Yun-Wei
Mandel, Ilya
Hirai, Ryosuke
Zhang, Bing
Chen, Aming
author_facet Zhu, Jin-Ping
Liu, Liang-Duan
Yu, Yun-Wei
Mandel, Ilya
Hirai, Ryosuke
Zhang, Bing
Chen, Aming
contents Wolf-Rayet stars in close binary systems can be tidally spun up by their companions, potentially leaving behind fast-spinning highly-magnetized neutron stars, known as ``magnetars", after core collapse. These newborn magnetars can transfer rotational energy into heating and accelerating the ejecta, producing hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe). In this {\em{Letter}}, we propose that the magnetar wind of the newborn magnetar could significantly evaporate its companion star, typically a main-sequence or helium star, if the binary system is not disrupted by the {abrupt mass loss and} SN kick. The subsequent heating and acceleration of the evaporated star material along with the SN ejecta by the magnetar wind can produce a post-peak bump in the SLSN lightcurve. Our model can reproduce the primary peaks and post-peak bumps of four example observed multiband SLSN lightcurves, revealing that the mass of the evaporated material could be $\sim0.4-0.6\,M_\odot$ if the material is hydrogen-rich. {We propose that the magnetar could induce strongly enhanced evaporation from its companion star near the pericenter if the orbit of the post-SN binary is highly eccentric, ultimately generating multiple post-peak bumps in the SLSN lightcurves. This ``magnetar-star binary engine" model may offer a possible explanation for the evolution of polarization, along with the origin and velocity broadening of late-time hydrogen or helium broad spectral features observed in some bumpy SLSNe.} The diversity in the lightcurves and spectra of SLSNe may be attributed to the wide variety of companion stars and post-SN binary systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2405_01224
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Bumpy Superluminous Supernovae Powered by a Magnetar-star Binary Engine
Zhu, Jin-Ping
Liu, Liang-Duan
Yu, Yun-Wei
Mandel, Ilya
Hirai, Ryosuke
Zhang, Bing
Chen, Aming
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Wolf-Rayet stars in close binary systems can be tidally spun up by their companions, potentially leaving behind fast-spinning highly-magnetized neutron stars, known as ``magnetars", after core collapse. These newborn magnetars can transfer rotational energy into heating and accelerating the ejecta, producing hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe). In this {\em{Letter}}, we propose that the magnetar wind of the newborn magnetar could significantly evaporate its companion star, typically a main-sequence or helium star, if the binary system is not disrupted by the {abrupt mass loss and} SN kick. The subsequent heating and acceleration of the evaporated star material along with the SN ejecta by the magnetar wind can produce a post-peak bump in the SLSN lightcurve. Our model can reproduce the primary peaks and post-peak bumps of four example observed multiband SLSN lightcurves, revealing that the mass of the evaporated material could be $\sim0.4-0.6\,M_\odot$ if the material is hydrogen-rich. {We propose that the magnetar could induce strongly enhanced evaporation from its companion star near the pericenter if the orbit of the post-SN binary is highly eccentric, ultimately generating multiple post-peak bumps in the SLSN lightcurves. This ``magnetar-star binary engine" model may offer a possible explanation for the evolution of polarization, along with the origin and velocity broadening of late-time hydrogen or helium broad spectral features observed in some bumpy SLSNe.} The diversity in the lightcurves and spectra of SLSNe may be attributed to the wide variety of companion stars and post-SN binary systems.
title Bumpy Superluminous Supernovae Powered by a Magnetar-star Binary Engine
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.01224