Boosting gravitational waves: a review of kinematic effects on amplitude, polarization, frequency and energy density
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2024
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| author | Cusin, Giulia Pitrou, Cyril Bonvin, Camille Barrau, Aurélien Martineau, Killian |
| author_facet | Cusin, Giulia Pitrou, Cyril Bonvin, Camille Barrau, Aurélien Martineau, Killian |
| contents | We review the kinematic effects on a gravitational wave due to either a peculiar motion of the astrophysical source emitting it or a local motion of the observer. Working in the context of general relativity, we show at fully non-linear order in velocity, that the amplitude of the wave is amplified by the Doppler factor in the case in which the source moves with respect to a reference frame, while it is invariant if the observer moves (with respect to a reference observer). However, the observed specific intensity transforms in the same way under a boost of the source or of the observer. We also show at fully non-linear order that under a boost (of either source or observer), the polarization tensor is rotated in the same way the wave direction is rotated by aberration, such that the only net effect of a boost on polarization is to change the phase of the helicity components. We apply these results to a wave emitted by a binary system of compact objects in the cosmological context. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2405_01297 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Boosting gravitational waves: a review of kinematic effects on amplitude, polarization, frequency and energy density Cusin, Giulia Pitrou, Cyril Bonvin, Camille Barrau, Aurélien Martineau, Killian General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics We review the kinematic effects on a gravitational wave due to either a peculiar motion of the astrophysical source emitting it or a local motion of the observer. Working in the context of general relativity, we show at fully non-linear order in velocity, that the amplitude of the wave is amplified by the Doppler factor in the case in which the source moves with respect to a reference frame, while it is invariant if the observer moves (with respect to a reference observer). However, the observed specific intensity transforms in the same way under a boost of the source or of the observer. We also show at fully non-linear order that under a boost (of either source or observer), the polarization tensor is rotated in the same way the wave direction is rotated by aberration, such that the only net effect of a boost on polarization is to change the phase of the helicity components. We apply these results to a wave emitted by a binary system of compact objects in the cosmological context. |
| title | Boosting gravitational waves: a review of kinematic effects on amplitude, polarization, frequency and energy density |
| topic | General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.01297 |