On Śankara Varman's (correct) and Mādhava's (incorrect) values for the circumferences of circles

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Author: Krishnachandran, V. N.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Krishnachandran, V. N.
author_facet Krishnachandran, V. N.
contents This paper examines what computational procedures Śankara Varman (1774-1839) and Sangamagrama Mādhava (c. 1340 - 1425), astronomer-mathematicians of the Kerala school, might have used to arrive at their respective values for the circumferences of certain special circles (a circle of diameter $10^{17}$ by the former and a circle of diameter $9\times 10^{11}$ by the latter). It is shown that if we choose the Mādhava-Gregory series for $\tfracπ{6}=\arctan (\tfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}})$ to compute $π$ and then use it compute the circumference of a circle of diameter $10^{17}$ and perform the computations by ignoring the fractional parts in the results of every operation we get the value stated by Śankara Varman. It is also shown that, except in an unlikely case, none of the series representations of $π$ attributed to Mādhava produce the value for the circumference attributed to him. The question how Mādhava did arrive at his value still remains unanswered.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2405_11144
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle On Śankara Varman's (correct) and Mādhava's (incorrect) values for the circumferences of circles
Krishnachandran, V. N.
History and Overview
01A32 (Primary), 40-03, 40A05 (Secondary)
This paper examines what computational procedures Śankara Varman (1774-1839) and Sangamagrama Mādhava (c. 1340 - 1425), astronomer-mathematicians of the Kerala school, might have used to arrive at their respective values for the circumferences of certain special circles (a circle of diameter $10^{17}$ by the former and a circle of diameter $9\times 10^{11}$ by the latter). It is shown that if we choose the Mādhava-Gregory series for $\tfracπ{6}=\arctan (\tfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}})$ to compute $π$ and then use it compute the circumference of a circle of diameter $10^{17}$ and perform the computations by ignoring the fractional parts in the results of every operation we get the value stated by Śankara Varman. It is also shown that, except in an unlikely case, none of the series representations of $π$ attributed to Mādhava produce the value for the circumference attributed to him. The question how Mādhava did arrive at his value still remains unanswered.
title On Śankara Varman's (correct) and Mādhava's (incorrect) values for the circumferences of circles
topic History and Overview
01A32 (Primary), 40-03, 40A05 (Secondary)
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.11144