A Model for Eruptive Mass Loss in Massive Stars

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Cheng, Shelley J., Goldberg, Jared A., Cantiello, Matteo, Bauer, Evan B., Renzo, Mathieu, Conroy, Charlie
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2024
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author Cheng, Shelley J.
Goldberg, Jared A.
Cantiello, Matteo
Bauer, Evan B.
Renzo, Mathieu
Conroy, Charlie
author_facet Cheng, Shelley J.
Goldberg, Jared A.
Cantiello, Matteo
Bauer, Evan B.
Renzo, Mathieu
Conroy, Charlie
contents Eruptive mass loss in massive stars is known to occur, but the mechanism(s) are not yet well-understood. One proposed physical explanation appeals to opacity-driven super-Eddington luminosities in stellar envelopes. Here, we present a 1D model for eruptive mass loss and implement this model in the MESA stellar evolution code. The model identifies regions in the star where the energy associated with a locally super-Eddington luminosity exceeds the binding energy of the overlaying envelope. The material above such regions is ejected from the star. Stars with masses $10-100~M_\odot$ at solar and SMC metallicities are evolved through core helium burning, with and without this new eruptive mass-loss scheme. We find that eruptive mass loss of up to $\sim10^{-2}~M_\odot \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ can be driven by this mechanism, and occurs in a vertical band on the HR diagram between $3.5 \lesssim \log(T_\mathrm{eff}/\mathrm{K}) \lesssim 4.0$. This predicted eruptive mass loss prevents stars of initial masses $\gtrsim20~M_\odot$ from evolving to become red supergiants, with the stars instead ending their lives as blue supergiants, and therefore offers a possible explanation for the observed lack of red supergiants in that mass regime.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2405_12274
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Model for Eruptive Mass Loss in Massive Stars
Cheng, Shelley J.
Goldberg, Jared A.
Cantiello, Matteo
Bauer, Evan B.
Renzo, Mathieu
Conroy, Charlie
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Eruptive mass loss in massive stars is known to occur, but the mechanism(s) are not yet well-understood. One proposed physical explanation appeals to opacity-driven super-Eddington luminosities in stellar envelopes. Here, we present a 1D model for eruptive mass loss and implement this model in the MESA stellar evolution code. The model identifies regions in the star where the energy associated with a locally super-Eddington luminosity exceeds the binding energy of the overlaying envelope. The material above such regions is ejected from the star. Stars with masses $10-100~M_\odot$ at solar and SMC metallicities are evolved through core helium burning, with and without this new eruptive mass-loss scheme. We find that eruptive mass loss of up to $\sim10^{-2}~M_\odot \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ can be driven by this mechanism, and occurs in a vertical band on the HR diagram between $3.5 \lesssim \log(T_\mathrm{eff}/\mathrm{K}) \lesssim 4.0$. This predicted eruptive mass loss prevents stars of initial masses $\gtrsim20~M_\odot$ from evolving to become red supergiants, with the stars instead ending their lives as blue supergiants, and therefore offers a possible explanation for the observed lack of red supergiants in that mass regime.
title A Model for Eruptive Mass Loss in Massive Stars
topic Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.12274