Peas-in-a-Pod Across the Radius Valley: Rocky Systems are Less Uniform in Mass but More Uniform in Size and Spacing
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2024
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| author | Goyal, Armaan V. Wang, Songhu |
| author_facet | Goyal, Armaan V. Wang, Songhu |
| contents | The ubiquity of "peas-in-a-pod" architectural patterns and the existence of the radius valley each present a striking population-level trend for planets with $R_{p} \leq 4 R_{\oplus}$ that serves to place powerful constraints on the formation and evolution of these subgiant worlds. As it has yet to be determined whether the strength of this peas-in-a-pod uniformity differs on either side of the radius valley, we separately assess the architectures of systems containing only small ($R_{p} \leq 1.6 R_{\oplus}$), rocky planets from those harboring only intermediate-size ($1.6 R_{\oplus} < R_{p} \leq 4 R_{\oplus}$), volatile-rich worlds to perform a novel statistical comparison of intra-system planetary uniformity across compositionally distinct regimes. We find that, compared to their volatile-rich counterparts, rocky systems are less uniform in mass ($2.6σ$), but more uniform in size ($4.0σ$) and spacing ($3.0σ$). We provide further statistical validation for these results, demonstrating that they are not substantially influenced by the presence of mean motion resonances, low-mass host stars, alternative bulk compositional assumptions, sample size effects, or detection biases. We also obtain tentative evidence ($>2 σ$ significance) that the enhanced size uniformity of rocky systems is dominated by the presence of super-Earths ($1 R_{\oplus} \leq R_{p} \leq 1.6 R_{\oplus}$), while their enhanced mass diversity is driven by the presence of sub-Earth ($R_{p} < 1 R_{\oplus}$) worlds. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2405_14091 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Peas-in-a-Pod Across the Radius Valley: Rocky Systems are Less Uniform in Mass but More Uniform in Size and Spacing Goyal, Armaan V. Wang, Songhu Earth and Planetary Astrophysics The ubiquity of "peas-in-a-pod" architectural patterns and the existence of the radius valley each present a striking population-level trend for planets with $R_{p} \leq 4 R_{\oplus}$ that serves to place powerful constraints on the formation and evolution of these subgiant worlds. As it has yet to be determined whether the strength of this peas-in-a-pod uniformity differs on either side of the radius valley, we separately assess the architectures of systems containing only small ($R_{p} \leq 1.6 R_{\oplus}$), rocky planets from those harboring only intermediate-size ($1.6 R_{\oplus} < R_{p} \leq 4 R_{\oplus}$), volatile-rich worlds to perform a novel statistical comparison of intra-system planetary uniformity across compositionally distinct regimes. We find that, compared to their volatile-rich counterparts, rocky systems are less uniform in mass ($2.6σ$), but more uniform in size ($4.0σ$) and spacing ($3.0σ$). We provide further statistical validation for these results, demonstrating that they are not substantially influenced by the presence of mean motion resonances, low-mass host stars, alternative bulk compositional assumptions, sample size effects, or detection biases. We also obtain tentative evidence ($>2 σ$ significance) that the enhanced size uniformity of rocky systems is dominated by the presence of super-Earths ($1 R_{\oplus} \leq R_{p} \leq 1.6 R_{\oplus}$), while their enhanced mass diversity is driven by the presence of sub-Earth ($R_{p} < 1 R_{\oplus}$) worlds. |
| title | Peas-in-a-Pod Across the Radius Valley: Rocky Systems are Less Uniform in Mass but More Uniform in Size and Spacing |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.14091 |