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Main Authors: Hoff, Merel L. R. van 't, Bergin, Edwin A., Riley, Penelope, Mittal, Sanil, Jørgensen, Jes K., Tobin, John J.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.14820
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author Hoff, Merel L. R. van 't
Bergin, Edwin A.
Riley, Penelope
Mittal, Sanil
Jørgensen, Jes K.
Tobin, John J.
author_facet Hoff, Merel L. R. van 't
Bergin, Edwin A.
Riley, Penelope
Mittal, Sanil
Jørgensen, Jes K.
Tobin, John J.
contents The low carbon content of Earth and primitive meteorites compared to the Sun and interstellar grains suggests that carbon-rich grains were destroyed in the inner few astronomical units of the young solar system. A promising mechanism to selectively destroy carbonaceous grains is thermal sublimation within the soot line at $\gtrsim$ 300 K. To address whether such hot conditions are common amongst low-mass protostars, we observe CH$_3$CN transitions at 1, 2 and 3 mm with the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) toward seven low-mass and one intermediate-mass protostar ($L_{\rm{bol}} \sim2-300 L_\odot$), as CH$_3$CN is an excellent temperature tracer. We find $>$ 300 K gas toward all sources, indicating that hot gas may be prevalent. Moreover, the excitation temperature for CH$_3$OH obtained with the same observations is always lower ($\sim$135-250 K), suggesting that CH$_3$CN and CH$_3$OH have a different spatial distribution. A comparison of the column densities at 1 and 3 mm shows a stronger increase at 3 mm for CH$_3$CN than for CH$_3$OH. Since the dust opacity is lower at longer wavelengths, this indicates that CH$_3$CN is enhanced in the hot gas compared to CH$_3$OH. If this CH$_3$CN enhancement is the result of carbon-grain sublimation, these results suggests that Earth's initial formation conditions may not be rare.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2405_14820
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Identification of hot gas around low-mass protostars
Hoff, Merel L. R. van 't
Bergin, Edwin A.
Riley, Penelope
Mittal, Sanil
Jørgensen, Jes K.
Tobin, John J.
Astrophysics of Galaxies
The low carbon content of Earth and primitive meteorites compared to the Sun and interstellar grains suggests that carbon-rich grains were destroyed in the inner few astronomical units of the young solar system. A promising mechanism to selectively destroy carbonaceous grains is thermal sublimation within the soot line at $\gtrsim$ 300 K. To address whether such hot conditions are common amongst low-mass protostars, we observe CH$_3$CN transitions at 1, 2 and 3 mm with the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) toward seven low-mass and one intermediate-mass protostar ($L_{\rm{bol}} \sim2-300 L_\odot$), as CH$_3$CN is an excellent temperature tracer. We find $>$ 300 K gas toward all sources, indicating that hot gas may be prevalent. Moreover, the excitation temperature for CH$_3$OH obtained with the same observations is always lower ($\sim$135-250 K), suggesting that CH$_3$CN and CH$_3$OH have a different spatial distribution. A comparison of the column densities at 1 and 3 mm shows a stronger increase at 3 mm for CH$_3$CN than for CH$_3$OH. Since the dust opacity is lower at longer wavelengths, this indicates that CH$_3$CN is enhanced in the hot gas compared to CH$_3$OH. If this CH$_3$CN enhancement is the result of carbon-grain sublimation, these results suggests that Earth's initial formation conditions may not be rare.
title Identification of hot gas around low-mass protostars
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.14820