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Main Authors: Sawada, Makoto, Gu, Liyi, Yamazaki, Ryo
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.14937
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author Sawada, Makoto
Gu, Liyi
Yamazaki, Ryo
author_facet Sawada, Makoto
Gu, Liyi
Yamazaki, Ryo
contents Over-ionized, recombining plasma is an emerging class of X-ray bright supernova remnants (SNRs). This unique thermal state where the ionization temperature ($T_{\rm z}$) is significantly higher than the electron temperature ($T_{\rm e}$) is not expected from the standard evolution model assuming a point explosion in a uniform interstellar medium, requiring a new scenario for the dynamical and thermal evolution. A recently proposed idea attributes the over-ionization state to additional ionization contribution from the low-energy tail of shock-accelerated protons. However, this new scenario has been left untested, especially from the atomic physics point of view. We report calculation results of the proton impact ionization rates of heavy-element ions in ejecta of SNRs. We conservatively estimate the requirement for accelerated protons, and find that their relative number density to thermal electrons needs to be higher than $5~(T_{\rm e}/{\rm 1~keV})\%$ in order to explain the observed over-ionization degree at $T_{\rm z}/T_{\rm e} \ge 2$ for K-shell emission. We conclude that the proton ionization scenario is not feasible because such a high abundance of accelerated protons is prohibited by the injection fraction from thermal to non-thermal energies, which is expected to be $\sim 1\%$ at largest.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2405_14937
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Is the low-energy tail of shock-accelerated protons responsible for over-ionized plasma in supernova remnants?
Sawada, Makoto
Gu, Liyi
Yamazaki, Ryo
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Over-ionized, recombining plasma is an emerging class of X-ray bright supernova remnants (SNRs). This unique thermal state where the ionization temperature ($T_{\rm z}$) is significantly higher than the electron temperature ($T_{\rm e}$) is not expected from the standard evolution model assuming a point explosion in a uniform interstellar medium, requiring a new scenario for the dynamical and thermal evolution. A recently proposed idea attributes the over-ionization state to additional ionization contribution from the low-energy tail of shock-accelerated protons. However, this new scenario has been left untested, especially from the atomic physics point of view. We report calculation results of the proton impact ionization rates of heavy-element ions in ejecta of SNRs. We conservatively estimate the requirement for accelerated protons, and find that their relative number density to thermal electrons needs to be higher than $5~(T_{\rm e}/{\rm 1~keV})\%$ in order to explain the observed over-ionization degree at $T_{\rm z}/T_{\rm e} \ge 2$ for K-shell emission. We conclude that the proton ionization scenario is not feasible because such a high abundance of accelerated protons is prohibited by the injection fraction from thermal to non-thermal energies, which is expected to be $\sim 1\%$ at largest.
title Is the low-energy tail of shock-accelerated protons responsible for over-ionized plasma in supernova remnants?
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.14937