Acceleration of Grokking in Learning Arithmetic Operations via Kolmogorov-Arnold Representation

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Park, Yeachan, Kim, Minseok, Kim, Yeoneung
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Park, Yeachan
Kim, Minseok
Kim, Yeoneung
author_facet Park, Yeachan
Kim, Minseok
Kim, Yeoneung
contents We propose novel methodologies aimed at accelerating the grokking phenomenon, which refers to the rapid increment of test accuracy after a long period of overfitting as reported in~\cite{power2022grokking}. Focusing on the grokking phenomenon that arises in learning arithmetic binary operations via the transformer model, we begin with a discussion on data augmentation in the case of commutative binary operations. To further accelerate, we elucidate arithmetic operations through the lens of the Kolmogorov-Arnold (KA) representation theorem, revealing its correspondence to the transformer architecture: embedding, decoder block, and classifier. Observing the shared structure between KA representations associated with binary operations, we suggest various transfer learning mechanisms that expedite grokking. This interpretation is substantiated through a series of rigorous experiments. In addition, our approach is successful in learning two nonstandard arithmetic tasks: composition of operations and a system of equations. Furthermore, we reveal that the model is capable of learning arithmetic operations using a limited number of tokens under embedding transfer, which is supported by a set of experiments as well.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2405_16658
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Acceleration of Grokking in Learning Arithmetic Operations via Kolmogorov-Arnold Representation
Park, Yeachan
Kim, Minseok
Kim, Yeoneung
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
We propose novel methodologies aimed at accelerating the grokking phenomenon, which refers to the rapid increment of test accuracy after a long period of overfitting as reported in~\cite{power2022grokking}. Focusing on the grokking phenomenon that arises in learning arithmetic binary operations via the transformer model, we begin with a discussion on data augmentation in the case of commutative binary operations. To further accelerate, we elucidate arithmetic operations through the lens of the Kolmogorov-Arnold (KA) representation theorem, revealing its correspondence to the transformer architecture: embedding, decoder block, and classifier. Observing the shared structure between KA representations associated with binary operations, we suggest various transfer learning mechanisms that expedite grokking. This interpretation is substantiated through a series of rigorous experiments. In addition, our approach is successful in learning two nonstandard arithmetic tasks: composition of operations and a system of equations. Furthermore, we reveal that the model is capable of learning arithmetic operations using a limited number of tokens under embedding transfer, which is supported by a set of experiments as well.
title Acceleration of Grokking in Learning Arithmetic Operations via Kolmogorov-Arnold Representation
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.16658