VeLoRA: Memory Efficient Training using Rank-1 Sub-Token Projections

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Miles, Roy, Reddy, Pradyumna, Elezi, Ismail, Deng, Jiankang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Miles, Roy
Reddy, Pradyumna
Elezi, Ismail
Deng, Jiankang
author_facet Miles, Roy
Reddy, Pradyumna
Elezi, Ismail
Deng, Jiankang
contents Large language models (LLMs) have recently emerged as powerful tools for tackling many language-processing tasks. Despite their success, training and fine-tuning these models is still far too computationally and memory intensive. In this paper, we identify and characterise the important components needed for effective model convergence using gradient descent. In doing so we find that the intermediate activations used to implement backpropagation can be excessively compressed without incurring any degradation in performance. This result leads us to a cheap and memory-efficient algorithm for both fine-tuning and pre-training LLMs. The proposed algorithm simply divides the tokens up into smaller sub-tokens before projecting them onto a fixed 1-dimensional subspace during the forward pass. These features are then coarsely reconstructed during the backward pass to implement the update rules. We confirm the effectiveness of our algorithm as being complimentary to many state-of-the-art PEFT methods on the VTAB-1k fine-tuning benchmark. Furthermore, we outperform QLoRA for fine-tuning LLaMA and show competitive performance against other memory-efficient pre-training methods on the large-scale C4 dataset.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2405_17991
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle VeLoRA: Memory Efficient Training using Rank-1 Sub-Token Projections
Miles, Roy
Reddy, Pradyumna
Elezi, Ismail
Deng, Jiankang
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Large language models (LLMs) have recently emerged as powerful tools for tackling many language-processing tasks. Despite their success, training and fine-tuning these models is still far too computationally and memory intensive. In this paper, we identify and characterise the important components needed for effective model convergence using gradient descent. In doing so we find that the intermediate activations used to implement backpropagation can be excessively compressed without incurring any degradation in performance. This result leads us to a cheap and memory-efficient algorithm for both fine-tuning and pre-training LLMs. The proposed algorithm simply divides the tokens up into smaller sub-tokens before projecting them onto a fixed 1-dimensional subspace during the forward pass. These features are then coarsely reconstructed during the backward pass to implement the update rules. We confirm the effectiveness of our algorithm as being complimentary to many state-of-the-art PEFT methods on the VTAB-1k fine-tuning benchmark. Furthermore, we outperform QLoRA for fine-tuning LLaMA and show competitive performance against other memory-efficient pre-training methods on the large-scale C4 dataset.
title VeLoRA: Memory Efficient Training using Rank-1 Sub-Token Projections
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.17991