Batch VUV4 Characterization for the SBC-LAr10 scintillating bubble chamber
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arXiv
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2024
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| author | Hawley-Herrera, H. Alfonso-Pita, E. Behnke, E. Bressler, M. Broerman, B. Clark, K. Corbett, J. Dahl, C. E. Dering, K. Croix, A. de St. Durnford, D. Giampa, P. Hall, J. Harris, O. Lamb, N. Laurin, M. Levine, I. Lippincott, W. H. Liu, X. Moss, N. Neilson, R. Piro, M. -C. Pyda, D. Sheng, Z. Sweeney, G. Vázquez-Jáuregui, E. Westerdale, S. Whitis, T. J. Wright, A. Wyman, E. Zhang, R. |
| author_facet | Hawley-Herrera, H. Alfonso-Pita, E. Behnke, E. Bressler, M. Broerman, B. Clark, K. Corbett, J. Dahl, C. E. Dering, K. Croix, A. de St. Durnford, D. Giampa, P. Hall, J. Harris, O. Lamb, N. Laurin, M. Levine, I. Lippincott, W. H. Liu, X. Moss, N. Neilson, R. Piro, M. -C. Pyda, D. Sheng, Z. Sweeney, G. Vázquez-Jáuregui, E. Westerdale, S. Whitis, T. J. Wright, A. Wyman, E. Zhang, R. |
| contents | The Scintillating Bubble Chamber (SBC) collaboration purchased 32 Hamamatsu VUV4 silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) for use in SBC-LAr10, a bubble chamber containing 10~kg of liquid argon. A dark-count characterization technique, which avoids the use of a single-photon source, was used at two temperatures to measure the VUV4 SiPMs breakdown voltage ($V_{\text{BD}}$), the SiPM gain ($g_{\text{SiPM}}$), the rate of change of $g_{\text{SiPM}}$ with respect to voltage ($m$), the dark count rate (DCR), and the probability of a correlated avalanche (P$_{\text{CA}}$) as well as the temperature coefficients of these parameters. A Peltier-based chilled vacuum chamber was developed at Queen's University to cool down the Quads to $233.15\pm0.2$~K and $255.15\pm0.2$~K with average stability of $\pm20$~mK. An analysis framework was developed to estimate $V_{\text{BD}}$ to tens of mV precision and DCR close to Poissonian error. The temperature dependence of $V_{\text{BD}}$ was found to be $56\pm2$~mV~K$^{-1}$, and $m$ on average across all Quads was found to be $(459\pm3(\rm{stat.})\pm23(\rm{sys.}))\times 10^{3}~e^-$~PE$^{-1}$~V$^{-1}$. The average DCR temperature coefficient was estimated to be $0.099\pm0.008$~K$^{-1}$ corresponding to a reduction factor of 7 for every 20~K drop in temperature. The average temperature dependence of P$_{\text{CA}}$ was estimated to be $4000\pm1000$~ppm~K$^{-1}$. P$_{\text{CA}}$ estimated from the average across all SiPMs is a better estimator than the P$_{\text{CA}}$ calculated from individual SiPMs, for all of the other parameters, the opposite is true. All the estimated parameters were measured to the precision required for SBC-LAr10, and the Quads will be used in conditions to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2405_18403 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Batch VUV4 Characterization for the SBC-LAr10 scintillating bubble chamber Hawley-Herrera, H. Alfonso-Pita, E. Behnke, E. Bressler, M. Broerman, B. Clark, K. Corbett, J. Dahl, C. E. Dering, K. Croix, A. de St. Durnford, D. Giampa, P. Hall, J. Harris, O. Lamb, N. Laurin, M. Levine, I. Lippincott, W. H. Liu, X. Moss, N. Neilson, R. Piro, M. -C. Pyda, D. Sheng, Z. Sweeney, G. Vázquez-Jáuregui, E. Westerdale, S. Whitis, T. J. Wright, A. Wyman, E. Zhang, R. Instrumentation and Detectors The Scintillating Bubble Chamber (SBC) collaboration purchased 32 Hamamatsu VUV4 silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) for use in SBC-LAr10, a bubble chamber containing 10~kg of liquid argon. A dark-count characterization technique, which avoids the use of a single-photon source, was used at two temperatures to measure the VUV4 SiPMs breakdown voltage ($V_{\text{BD}}$), the SiPM gain ($g_{\text{SiPM}}$), the rate of change of $g_{\text{SiPM}}$ with respect to voltage ($m$), the dark count rate (DCR), and the probability of a correlated avalanche (P$_{\text{CA}}$) as well as the temperature coefficients of these parameters. A Peltier-based chilled vacuum chamber was developed at Queen's University to cool down the Quads to $233.15\pm0.2$~K and $255.15\pm0.2$~K with average stability of $\pm20$~mK. An analysis framework was developed to estimate $V_{\text{BD}}$ to tens of mV precision and DCR close to Poissonian error. The temperature dependence of $V_{\text{BD}}$ was found to be $56\pm2$~mV~K$^{-1}$, and $m$ on average across all Quads was found to be $(459\pm3(\rm{stat.})\pm23(\rm{sys.}))\times 10^{3}~e^-$~PE$^{-1}$~V$^{-1}$. The average DCR temperature coefficient was estimated to be $0.099\pm0.008$~K$^{-1}$ corresponding to a reduction factor of 7 for every 20~K drop in temperature. The average temperature dependence of P$_{\text{CA}}$ was estimated to be $4000\pm1000$~ppm~K$^{-1}$. P$_{\text{CA}}$ estimated from the average across all SiPMs is a better estimator than the P$_{\text{CA}}$ calculated from individual SiPMs, for all of the other parameters, the opposite is true. All the estimated parameters were measured to the precision required for SBC-LAr10, and the Quads will be used in conditions to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio. |
| title | Batch VUV4 Characterization for the SBC-LAr10 scintillating bubble chamber |
| topic | Instrumentation and Detectors |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.18403 |