Transfer Learning for Emulating Ocean Climate Variability across $CO_2$ forcing

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Dheeshjith, Surya, Subel, Adam, Gupta, Shubham, Adcroft, Alistair, Fernandez-Granda, Carlos, Busecke, Julius, Zanna, Laure
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Dheeshjith, Surya
Subel, Adam
Gupta, Shubham
Adcroft, Alistair
Fernandez-Granda, Carlos
Busecke, Julius
Zanna, Laure
author_facet Dheeshjith, Surya
Subel, Adam
Gupta, Shubham
Adcroft, Alistair
Fernandez-Granda, Carlos
Busecke, Julius
Zanna, Laure
contents With the success of machine learning (ML) applied to climate reaching further every day, emulators have begun to show promise not only for weather but for multi-year time scales in the atmosphere. Similar work for the ocean remains nascent, with state-of-the-art limited to models running for shorter time scales or only for regions of the globe. In this work, we demonstrate high-skill global emulation for surface ocean fields over 5-8 years of model rollout, accurately representing modes of variability for two different ML architectures (ConvNext and Transformers). In addition, we address the outstanding question of generalization, an essential consideration if the end-use of emulation is to model warming scenarios outside of the model training data. We show that 1) generalization is not an intrinsic feature of a data-driven emulator, 2) fine-tuning the emulator on only small amounts of additional data from a distribution similar to the test set can enable the emulator to perform well in a warmed climate, and 3) the forced emulators are robust to noise in the forcing.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2405_18585
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Transfer Learning for Emulating Ocean Climate Variability across $CO_2$ forcing
Dheeshjith, Surya
Subel, Adam
Gupta, Shubham
Adcroft, Alistair
Fernandez-Granda, Carlos
Busecke, Julius
Zanna, Laure
Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
With the success of machine learning (ML) applied to climate reaching further every day, emulators have begun to show promise not only for weather but for multi-year time scales in the atmosphere. Similar work for the ocean remains nascent, with state-of-the-art limited to models running for shorter time scales or only for regions of the globe. In this work, we demonstrate high-skill global emulation for surface ocean fields over 5-8 years of model rollout, accurately representing modes of variability for two different ML architectures (ConvNext and Transformers). In addition, we address the outstanding question of generalization, an essential consideration if the end-use of emulation is to model warming scenarios outside of the model training data. We show that 1) generalization is not an intrinsic feature of a data-driven emulator, 2) fine-tuning the emulator on only small amounts of additional data from a distribution similar to the test set can enable the emulator to perform well in a warmed climate, and 3) the forced emulators are robust to noise in the forcing.
title Transfer Learning for Emulating Ocean Climate Variability across $CO_2$ forcing
topic Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.18585