Private Mean Estimation with Person-Level Differential Privacy

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Agarwal, Sushant, Kamath, Gautam, Majid, Mahbod, Mouzakis, Argyris, Silver, Rose, Ullman, Jonathan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Agarwal, Sushant
Kamath, Gautam
Majid, Mahbod
Mouzakis, Argyris
Silver, Rose
Ullman, Jonathan
author_facet Agarwal, Sushant
Kamath, Gautam
Majid, Mahbod
Mouzakis, Argyris
Silver, Rose
Ullman, Jonathan
contents We study person-level differentially private (DP) mean estimation in the case where each person holds multiple samples. DP here requires the usual notion of distributional stability when $\textit{all}$ of a person's datapoints can be modified. Informally, if $n$ people each have $m$ samples from an unknown $d$-dimensional distribution with bounded $k$-th moments, we show that \[n = \tilde Θ\left(\frac{d}{α^2 m} + \frac{d}{αm^{1/2} \varepsilon} + \frac{d}{α^{k/(k-1)} m \varepsilon} + \frac{d}{\varepsilon}\right)\] people are necessary and sufficient to estimate the mean up to distance $α$ in $\ell_2$-norm under $\varepsilon$-differential privacy (and its common relaxations). In the multivariate setting, we give computationally efficient algorithms under approximate-DP and computationally inefficient algorithms under pure DP, and our nearly matching lower bounds hold for the most permissive case of approximate DP. Our computationally efficient estimators are based on the standard clip-and-noise framework, but the analysis for our setting requires both new algorithmic techniques and new analyses. In particular, our new bounds on the tails of sums of independent, vector-valued, bounded-moments random variables may be of interest.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2405_20405
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Private Mean Estimation with Person-Level Differential Privacy
Agarwal, Sushant
Kamath, Gautam
Majid, Mahbod
Mouzakis, Argyris
Silver, Rose
Ullman, Jonathan
Data Structures and Algorithms
Cryptography and Security
Information Theory
Machine Learning
We study person-level differentially private (DP) mean estimation in the case where each person holds multiple samples. DP here requires the usual notion of distributional stability when $\textit{all}$ of a person's datapoints can be modified. Informally, if $n$ people each have $m$ samples from an unknown $d$-dimensional distribution with bounded $k$-th moments, we show that \[n = \tilde Θ\left(\frac{d}{α^2 m} + \frac{d}{αm^{1/2} \varepsilon} + \frac{d}{α^{k/(k-1)} m \varepsilon} + \frac{d}{\varepsilon}\right)\] people are necessary and sufficient to estimate the mean up to distance $α$ in $\ell_2$-norm under $\varepsilon$-differential privacy (and its common relaxations). In the multivariate setting, we give computationally efficient algorithms under approximate-DP and computationally inefficient algorithms under pure DP, and our nearly matching lower bounds hold for the most permissive case of approximate DP. Our computationally efficient estimators are based on the standard clip-and-noise framework, but the analysis for our setting requires both new algorithmic techniques and new analyses. In particular, our new bounds on the tails of sums of independent, vector-valued, bounded-moments random variables may be of interest.
title Private Mean Estimation with Person-Level Differential Privacy
topic Data Structures and Algorithms
Cryptography and Security
Information Theory
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.20405