$\textit{In vivo}$ fundus imaging and computational refocusing with a diffuser-based fundus camera
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2024
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| _version_ | 1866912234809065472 |
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| author | Simmerer, Corey Morakis, Marisa Tian, Lei Gomez-Perez, Lia Liu, T. Y. Alvin Durr, Nicholas J. |
| author_facet | Simmerer, Corey Morakis, Marisa Tian, Lei Gomez-Perez, Lia Liu, T. Y. Alvin Durr, Nicholas J. |
| contents | Significance: Access to diagnostic eye care could be expanded with high-throughput and easy-to-use tools. Phase mask-based imaging may improve the fundus camera by enabling computational refocusing with no moving parts. While phase mask-based imaging has been demonstrated in a model eye, this approach has not been shown $\textit{in vivo}$.
Aim: A computational fundus camera was designed, constructed, and evaluated with the goal of determining the feasibility and performance of phase mask-based computational imaging of the $\textit{in vivo}$ fundus.
Approach: A holographic diffuser was introduced in a modified commercial fundus camera at a plane conjugate to the ocular pupil, resulting in a linear and shift-invariant point spread function that varies with refractive error. The image could be digitally refocused across a range of $\geq\pm$ 10 diopters of defocus error. The device was tested for ocular safety, and a human imaging pilot study was performed.
Results: The device captured and digitally refocused color human fundus images. The field of view was $\geq$35 degrees and resolution was 7.7-9.6 line pairs per mm.
Conclusions: We present the first $\textit{in vivo}$ diffuser-based fundus images, demonstrating the feasibility of computational imaging for ocular diagnostics. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2406_00122 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | $\textit{In vivo}$ fundus imaging and computational refocusing with a diffuser-based fundus camera Simmerer, Corey Morakis, Marisa Tian, Lei Gomez-Perez, Lia Liu, T. Y. Alvin Durr, Nicholas J. Optics Medical Physics Significance: Access to diagnostic eye care could be expanded with high-throughput and easy-to-use tools. Phase mask-based imaging may improve the fundus camera by enabling computational refocusing with no moving parts. While phase mask-based imaging has been demonstrated in a model eye, this approach has not been shown $\textit{in vivo}$. Aim: A computational fundus camera was designed, constructed, and evaluated with the goal of determining the feasibility and performance of phase mask-based computational imaging of the $\textit{in vivo}$ fundus. Approach: A holographic diffuser was introduced in a modified commercial fundus camera at a plane conjugate to the ocular pupil, resulting in a linear and shift-invariant point spread function that varies with refractive error. The image could be digitally refocused across a range of $\geq\pm$ 10 diopters of defocus error. The device was tested for ocular safety, and a human imaging pilot study was performed. Results: The device captured and digitally refocused color human fundus images. The field of view was $\geq$35 degrees and resolution was 7.7-9.6 line pairs per mm. Conclusions: We present the first $\textit{in vivo}$ diffuser-based fundus images, demonstrating the feasibility of computational imaging for ocular diagnostics. |
| title | $\textit{In vivo}$ fundus imaging and computational refocusing with a diffuser-based fundus camera |
| topic | Optics Medical Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.00122 |