Collapse of a quantum vortex in an attractive two-dimensional Bose gas
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2024
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| author | Banerjee, Sambit Zhou, Kai Tiwari, Shiva Kant Tamura, Hikaru Li, Rongjie Kevrekidis, Panayotis Mistakidis, Simeon I. Walther, Valentin Hung, Chen-Lung |
| author_facet | Banerjee, Sambit Zhou, Kai Tiwari, Shiva Kant Tamura, Hikaru Li, Rongjie Kevrekidis, Panayotis Mistakidis, Simeon I. Walther, Valentin Hung, Chen-Lung |
| contents | We experimentally and numerically study the collapse dynamics of a quantum vortex in a two-dimensional atomic superfluid following a fast interaction ramp from repulsion to attraction. We find the conditions and time scales for a superfluid vortex to radially converge into a quasi-stationary density profile, demonstrating the spontaneous formation of a vortex soliton-like structure in an atomic Bose gas. We record an emergent self-similar dynamics caused by an azimuthal modulational instability, which amplifies initial density perturbations and leads to the eventual splitting of a solitonic ring profile or direct fragmentation of a superfluid into disordered, but roughly circular arrays of Townes soliton-like wavepackets. These dynamics are qualitatively reproduced by simulations based on the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. However, a discrepancy in the magnitude of amplified density fluctuations predicted by our mean-field analysis suggests the presence of effects beyond the mean-field approximation. Our study sets the stage for exploring out-of-equilibrium dynamics of vortex quantum matter quenched to attractive interactions and their universal characteristics. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2406_00863 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Collapse of a quantum vortex in an attractive two-dimensional Bose gas Banerjee, Sambit Zhou, Kai Tiwari, Shiva Kant Tamura, Hikaru Li, Rongjie Kevrekidis, Panayotis Mistakidis, Simeon I. Walther, Valentin Hung, Chen-Lung Quantum Gases We experimentally and numerically study the collapse dynamics of a quantum vortex in a two-dimensional atomic superfluid following a fast interaction ramp from repulsion to attraction. We find the conditions and time scales for a superfluid vortex to radially converge into a quasi-stationary density profile, demonstrating the spontaneous formation of a vortex soliton-like structure in an atomic Bose gas. We record an emergent self-similar dynamics caused by an azimuthal modulational instability, which amplifies initial density perturbations and leads to the eventual splitting of a solitonic ring profile or direct fragmentation of a superfluid into disordered, but roughly circular arrays of Townes soliton-like wavepackets. These dynamics are qualitatively reproduced by simulations based on the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. However, a discrepancy in the magnitude of amplified density fluctuations predicted by our mean-field analysis suggests the presence of effects beyond the mean-field approximation. Our study sets the stage for exploring out-of-equilibrium dynamics of vortex quantum matter quenched to attractive interactions and their universal characteristics. |
| title | Collapse of a quantum vortex in an attractive two-dimensional Bose gas |
| topic | Quantum Gases |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.00863 |