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Main Authors: Bahrami, Pouneh Nikkhah, Fass, Aurore, Shafiq, Zubair
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.05310
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author Bahrami, Pouneh Nikkhah
Fass, Aurore
Shafiq, Zubair
author_facet Bahrami, Pouneh Nikkhah
Fass, Aurore
Shafiq, Zubair
contents As third-party cookies are being phased out or restricted by major browsers, first-party cookies are increasingly repurposed for tracking. Prior work has shown that third-party scripts embedded in the main frame can access and exfiltrate first-party cookies, including those set by other third-party scripts. However, existing browser security mechanisms, such as the Same-Origin Policy, Content Security Policy, and third-party storage partitioning, do not prevent this type of cross-domain interaction within the main frame. While recent studies have begun to highlight this issue, there remains a lack of comprehensive measurement and practical defenses. In this work, we conduct the first large-scale measurement of cross-domain access to first-party cookies across 20,000 websites. We find that 56 percent of websites include third-party scripts that exfiltrate cookies they did not set, and 32 percent allow unauthorized overwriting or deletion, revealing significant confidentiality and integrity risks. To mitigate this, we propose CookieGuard, a browser-based runtime enforcement mechanism that isolates first-party cookies on a per-script-origin basis. CookieGuard blocks all unauthorized cross-domain cookie operations while preserving site functionality in most cases, with Single Sign-On disruption observed on 11 percent of sites. Our results expose critical flaws in current browser models and offer a deployable path toward stronger cookie isolation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2406_05310
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle COOKIEGUARD: Characterizing and Isolating the First-Party Cookie Jar
Bahrami, Pouneh Nikkhah
Fass, Aurore
Shafiq, Zubair
Cryptography and Security
As third-party cookies are being phased out or restricted by major browsers, first-party cookies are increasingly repurposed for tracking. Prior work has shown that third-party scripts embedded in the main frame can access and exfiltrate first-party cookies, including those set by other third-party scripts. However, existing browser security mechanisms, such as the Same-Origin Policy, Content Security Policy, and third-party storage partitioning, do not prevent this type of cross-domain interaction within the main frame. While recent studies have begun to highlight this issue, there remains a lack of comprehensive measurement and practical defenses. In this work, we conduct the first large-scale measurement of cross-domain access to first-party cookies across 20,000 websites. We find that 56 percent of websites include third-party scripts that exfiltrate cookies they did not set, and 32 percent allow unauthorized overwriting or deletion, revealing significant confidentiality and integrity risks. To mitigate this, we propose CookieGuard, a browser-based runtime enforcement mechanism that isolates first-party cookies on a per-script-origin basis. CookieGuard blocks all unauthorized cross-domain cookie operations while preserving site functionality in most cases, with Single Sign-On disruption observed on 11 percent of sites. Our results expose critical flaws in current browser models and offer a deployable path toward stronger cookie isolation.
title COOKIEGUARD: Characterizing and Isolating the First-Party Cookie Jar
topic Cryptography and Security
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.05310