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Probing atmospheric escape through metastable He I triplet lines in 15 exoplanets observed with SPIRou

Fuente: arXiv

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Masson, A., Vinatier, S., Bézard, B., López-Puertas, M., Lampón, M., Debras, F., Carmona, A., Klein, B., Artigau, E., Dethier, W., Pelletier, S., Hood, T., Allart, R., Bourrier, V., Cadieux, C., Charnay, B., Cowan, N. B., Cook, N. J., Delfosse, X., Donati, J. -F., Gu, P. -G., Hébrard, G., Martioli, E., Moutou, C., Venot, O., Wyttenbach, A.
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2024
Subjects:	Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
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author	Masson, A. Vinatier, S. Bézard, B. López-Puertas, M. Lampón, M. Debras, F. Carmona, A. Klein, B. Artigau, E. Dethier, W. Pelletier, S. Hood, T. Allart, R. Bourrier, V. Cadieux, C. Charnay, B. Cowan, N. B. Cook, N. J. Delfosse, X. Donati, J. -F. Gu, P. -G. Hébrard, G. Martioli, E. Moutou, C. Venot, O. Wyttenbach, A.
author_facet	Masson, A. Vinatier, S. Bézard, B. López-Puertas, M. Lampón, M. Debras, F. Carmona, A. Klein, B. Artigau, E. Dethier, W. Pelletier, S. Hood, T. Allart, R. Bourrier, V. Cadieux, C. Charnay, B. Cowan, N. B. Cook, N. J. Delfosse, X. Donati, J. -F. Gu, P. -G. Hébrard, G. Martioli, E. Moutou, C. Venot, O. Wyttenbach, A.
contents	For several years, the metastable helium triplet line has been successfully used as a tracer to probe atmospheric escape in transiting exoplanets. This absorption in the near-infrared (1083.3 nm) can be observed from the ground using high-resolution spectroscopy, providing new constraints on the mass-loss rate and the temperature characterizing the upper atmosphere of close-in exoplanets. The aim of this work is to search for the He triplet signature in 15 transiting exoplanets -- ranging from super-Earths to ultrahot Jupiters -- observed with SPIRou, a high-resolution (R~70 000) near-infrared spectropolarimeter at the CFHT, in order to bring new constraints or to improve existing ones regarding atmospheric escape through a homogeneous study. We developed a full data processing and analysis pipeline to correct for the residual telluric and stellar contributions. We then used two different 1D models based on the Parker-wind equations and nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) radiative transfer to interpret the observational results. We confirm published He triplet detections for HAT-P-11 b, HD 189733 b, and WASP-69 b. We tentatively detect the signature of escaping He in HD 209458 b, GJ 3470 b, and WASP-76 b. We report new constraints on the mass-loss rate and temperature for our three detections and set upper limits for the tentative and nondetections. We notably report improved constraints on the mass-loss rate and temperature of the escaping gas for TOI-1807 b, and report a nondetection for the debated atmospheric escape in GJ 1214 b. We also conducted the first search for the He signature in GJ 486 b since its discovery and report a nondetection of the He triplet. Finally, we studied the impact of important model assumptions on our retrieved parameters, notably the limitations of 1D models and the influence of the H/He ratio on the derived constraints.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2406_09225
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2024
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Probing atmospheric escape through metastable He I triplet lines in 15 exoplanets observed with SPIRou Masson, A. Vinatier, S. Bézard, B. López-Puertas, M. Lampón, M. Debras, F. Carmona, A. Klein, B. Artigau, E. Dethier, W. Pelletier, S. Hood, T. Allart, R. Bourrier, V. Cadieux, C. Charnay, B. Cowan, N. B. Cook, N. J. Delfosse, X. Donati, J. -F. Gu, P. -G. Hébrard, G. Martioli, E. Moutou, C. Venot, O. Wyttenbach, A. Earth and Planetary Astrophysics For several years, the metastable helium triplet line has been successfully used as a tracer to probe atmospheric escape in transiting exoplanets. This absorption in the near-infrared (1083.3 nm) can be observed from the ground using high-resolution spectroscopy, providing new constraints on the mass-loss rate and the temperature characterizing the upper atmosphere of close-in exoplanets. The aim of this work is to search for the He triplet signature in 15 transiting exoplanets -- ranging from super-Earths to ultrahot Jupiters -- observed with SPIRou, a high-resolution (R~70 000) near-infrared spectropolarimeter at the CFHT, in order to bring new constraints or to improve existing ones regarding atmospheric escape through a homogeneous study. We developed a full data processing and analysis pipeline to correct for the residual telluric and stellar contributions. We then used two different 1D models based on the Parker-wind equations and nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) radiative transfer to interpret the observational results. We confirm published He triplet detections for HAT-P-11 b, HD 189733 b, and WASP-69 b. We tentatively detect the signature of escaping He in HD 209458 b, GJ 3470 b, and WASP-76 b. We report new constraints on the mass-loss rate and temperature for our three detections and set upper limits for the tentative and nondetections. We notably report improved constraints on the mass-loss rate and temperature of the escaping gas for TOI-1807 b, and report a nondetection for the debated atmospheric escape in GJ 1214 b. We also conducted the first search for the He signature in GJ 486 b since its discovery and report a nondetection of the He triplet. Finally, we studied the impact of important model assumptions on our retrieved parameters, notably the limitations of 1D models and the influence of the H/He ratio on the derived constraints.
title	Probing atmospheric escape through metastable He I triplet lines in 15 exoplanets observed with SPIRou
topic	Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.09225