ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: Physical characterization of near-infrared-dark intrinsically faint ALMA sources at z=2-4
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2024
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| author | Tsujita, Akiyoshi Kohno, Kotaro Huang, Shuo Oguri, Masamune Tadaki, Ken-ichi Smail, Ian Umehata, Hideki Gao, Zhen-Kai Wang, Wei-Hao Sun, Fengwu Fujimoto, Seiji Wang, Tao Uematsu, Ryosuke Espada, Daniel Valentino, Francesco Ao, Yiping Bauer, Franz E. Hatsukade, Bunyo Egusa, Fumi Nishimura, Yuri Koekemoer, Anton M. Schaerer, Daniel Lagos, Claudia Dessauges-Zavadsky, Miroslava Brammer, Gabriel Caputi, Karina Egami, Eiichi González-López, Jorge Jolly, Jean-Baptiste Knudsen, Kirsten K. Kokorev, Vasily Magdis, Georgios E. Ouchi, Masami Toft, Sune Wu, John F. Zitrin, Adi |
| author_facet | Tsujita, Akiyoshi Kohno, Kotaro Huang, Shuo Oguri, Masamune Tadaki, Ken-ichi Smail, Ian Umehata, Hideki Gao, Zhen-Kai Wang, Wei-Hao Sun, Fengwu Fujimoto, Seiji Wang, Tao Uematsu, Ryosuke Espada, Daniel Valentino, Francesco Ao, Yiping Bauer, Franz E. Hatsukade, Bunyo Egusa, Fumi Nishimura, Yuri Koekemoer, Anton M. Schaerer, Daniel Lagos, Claudia Dessauges-Zavadsky, Miroslava Brammer, Gabriel Caputi, Karina Egami, Eiichi González-López, Jorge Jolly, Jean-Baptiste Knudsen, Kirsten K. Kokorev, Vasily Magdis, Georgios E. Ouchi, Masami Toft, Sune Wu, John F. Zitrin, Adi |
| contents | We present results from Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) spectral line-scan observations at 3-mm and 2-mm bands of three near-infrared-dark (NIR-dark) galaxies behind two massive lensing clusters MACS J0417.5-1154 and RXC J0032.1+1808. Each of these three sources is a faint (de-lensed $S_{\text{1.2 mm}}$ $<$ 1 mJy) triply lensed system originally discovered in the ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey. We have successfully detected CO and [C I] emission lines and confirmed that their spectroscopic redshifts are $z=3.652$, 2.391, and 2.985. By utilizing a rich multi-wavelength data set, we find that the NIR-dark galaxies are located on the star formation main sequence in the intrinsic stellar mass range of log ($M_*$/$M_\odot$) = 9.8 - 10.4, which is about one order of magnitude lower than that of typical submillimeter galaxies (SMGs). These NIR-dark galaxies show a variety in gas depletion times and spatial extent of dust emission. One of the three is a normal star-forming galaxy with gas depletion time consistent with a scaling relation, and its infrared surface brightness is an order of magnitude smaller than that of typical SMGs. Since this galaxy has an elongated axis ratio of $\sim 0.17$, we argue that normal star-forming galaxies in an edge-on configuration can be heavily dust-obscured. This implies that existing deep WFC3/F160W surveys may miss a fraction of typical star-forming main-sequence galaxies due to their edge-on orientation. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2406_09890 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: Physical characterization of near-infrared-dark intrinsically faint ALMA sources at z=2-4 Tsujita, Akiyoshi Kohno, Kotaro Huang, Shuo Oguri, Masamune Tadaki, Ken-ichi Smail, Ian Umehata, Hideki Gao, Zhen-Kai Wang, Wei-Hao Sun, Fengwu Fujimoto, Seiji Wang, Tao Uematsu, Ryosuke Espada, Daniel Valentino, Francesco Ao, Yiping Bauer, Franz E. Hatsukade, Bunyo Egusa, Fumi Nishimura, Yuri Koekemoer, Anton M. Schaerer, Daniel Lagos, Claudia Dessauges-Zavadsky, Miroslava Brammer, Gabriel Caputi, Karina Egami, Eiichi González-López, Jorge Jolly, Jean-Baptiste Knudsen, Kirsten K. Kokorev, Vasily Magdis, Georgios E. Ouchi, Masami Toft, Sune Wu, John F. Zitrin, Adi Astrophysics of Galaxies We present results from Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) spectral line-scan observations at 3-mm and 2-mm bands of three near-infrared-dark (NIR-dark) galaxies behind two massive lensing clusters MACS J0417.5-1154 and RXC J0032.1+1808. Each of these three sources is a faint (de-lensed $S_{\text{1.2 mm}}$ $<$ 1 mJy) triply lensed system originally discovered in the ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey. We have successfully detected CO and [C I] emission lines and confirmed that their spectroscopic redshifts are $z=3.652$, 2.391, and 2.985. By utilizing a rich multi-wavelength data set, we find that the NIR-dark galaxies are located on the star formation main sequence in the intrinsic stellar mass range of log ($M_*$/$M_\odot$) = 9.8 - 10.4, which is about one order of magnitude lower than that of typical submillimeter galaxies (SMGs). These NIR-dark galaxies show a variety in gas depletion times and spatial extent of dust emission. One of the three is a normal star-forming galaxy with gas depletion time consistent with a scaling relation, and its infrared surface brightness is an order of magnitude smaller than that of typical SMGs. Since this galaxy has an elongated axis ratio of $\sim 0.17$, we argue that normal star-forming galaxies in an edge-on configuration can be heavily dust-obscured. This implies that existing deep WFC3/F160W surveys may miss a fraction of typical star-forming main-sequence galaxies due to their edge-on orientation. |
| title | ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: Physical characterization of near-infrared-dark intrinsically faint ALMA sources at z=2-4 |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.09890 |